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1.  
[REPORTER-2022] The name of the script used in the Sangam Age was

Correct Answer: C [Tamil - Brahmi]

Notes:

Sangam-age inscriptions and pottery graffiti are written in the Tamil-Brahmi script.

2.  
[G-2-2022] During the 'Later Chola period', 'Irayili' was associated with

Correct Answer: A [Tax free land]

Notes:

In the Chola period 'irai' meant tax; 'irayili' was land exempted from tax.

3.  
[G-6 Forest Apprentice-2022] Match the topographical divisions to their lands, called 'Thinais' in Sangam society.
(a) Kurinji - 1. Coastal area
(b) Mullai - 2. Agricultural area
(c) Marudham - 3. Desert area
(d) Neithal - 4. Hilly tracts
(e) Palai - 5. Pastoral area

Correct Answer: D [4 5 2 1 3]

Notes:

Kurinji – hills, Mullai – forest/pasture, Marudham – farmland, Neithal – coast, Palai – arid land.

4.  
[G-6 Forest Apprentice-2022] Which of the following deals with the study of living people and their material culture?

Correct Answer: A [Ethno Archaeology]

Notes:

Ethno-archaeology studies living peoples and their material culture to help interpret the archaeological past.

5.  
[G-6 Forest Apprentice-2022] The term 'aima' means

Correct Answer: D [Lands donated to the purpose of prayer to God]

Notes:

Under the Mughals, 'aima' (madad-i-maash) was revenue-free land granted to religious scholars for prayer and religious purposes.

6.  
[EO-GIII-2022] During the Sangam period the Agricultural area was called as

Correct Answer: C [Marudam]

Notes:

Fertile cultivated land (fields and their surroundings) was called Marudam.

7.  
[EO-GIII-2022] Pallavan Kovil plates explain about

Correct Answer: B [Digambara Jaina order]

Notes:

The Pallankovil copper plates of Simhavarman record a grant to a monk of the Digambara Jaina order.

8.  
[EO-GIII-2022] Varunan was the God of

Correct Answer: C [People of Neidal]

Notes:

Varunan, the sea god, was the deity of the coastal Neidal people.

9.  
[EO-2022] Which empire's embassies were received by Emperor Augustus Caesar at Terragoda and on the island of Cyprus?

Correct Answer: D [Pandyan]

Notes:

Classical writers such as Strabo record that a Pandyan king sent an embassy to the Roman Emperor Augustus.

10.  
[DPGS-2022] 'Houangtche' refers to the place

Correct Answer: A [Kanchi]

Notes:

In Chinese records 'Houangtche' (Huang-chih) refers to Kanchi.

11.  
[CEGS-2022] It is called as 'Troy of the East'

Correct Answer: B [The fort at Chenji]

Notes:

The Gingee (Chenji) fort was called the 'Troy of the East' by the British for its impregnability.

12.  
[CEGS-2022] In Sangam Society, the custom of sati was mentioned by

Correct Answer: A [Tolkappiyam]

Notes:

Tolkappiyam refers to the practice of sati in Sangam society.

13.  
[CAGS-2022] The capital city of Sangam Cheras was

Correct Answer: D [Vanji]

Notes:

The Sangam Cheras ruled from Vanji (Karur); Musiri was their port.

14.  
[CAGS-2022] The original name of Karikal Chola

Correct Answer: C [Thirumavalavan]

Notes:

Karikala's original name was Thirumavalavan; Arunmozhi was the name of Rajaraja I.

15.  
[G-1-2022] Match:
Tinais - Their Gods
(a) Kurinji - 1. Kali
(b) Mullai - 2. Murugan
(c) Marudam - 3. Indra
(d) Palai - 4. Tirumal

Correct Answer: C [2 4 3 1]

Notes:

Kurinji – Murugan, Mullai – Tirumal, Marudam – Indra, Palai – Korravai (Kali).

16.  
[G-1-2022] Which festival was celebrated throughout Tamilaham during the Sangam Age?

Correct Answer: D [Thiruvathirai]

Notes:

Sangam literature describes the Thiruvathirai festival (with its ritual bath) as observed throughout Tamilaham.

17.  
[ACF-MAY-2023] Identify from the following one head ornament that women wore on the hair during the Sangam Period.

Correct Answer: A [Toyyakam]

Notes:

Toyyakam was an ornament worn on the hair by Sangam-age women.

18.  
[CSSE & SI Fisheries-FEB-2023] The name of the script used in the Sangam Age.

Correct Answer: C [Tamil-Brahmi]

Notes:

Sangam-age inscriptions are in the Tamil-Brahmi script.

19.  
[Bursar-MAR-2023] What is meant by 'Ambanam' in the Sangam period?

Correct Answer: B [A measurement of paddy]

Notes:

Ambanam was a measuring vessel used for paddy in the Sangam period.

20.  
[Health Officer-MAR-2023] Which one was not included in the forehead ornaments of the women during the Sangam period?

Correct Answer: D [Muttarai]

Notes:

Vayanthakam, Pullagam and Makarappakuvai were head/forehead ornaments; Muttaram was a pearl necklace worn on the neck.

21.  
[Health Officer-MAR-2023] The word 'Yavana Priya' denotes

Correct Answer: A [Pepper]

Notes:

Pepper was called 'Yavanapriya' because it was greatly prized by the Yavanas (Romans).

22.  
[Health Officer-MAR-2023] Padaiyachiyar were a class of

Correct Answer: D [Militants]

Notes:

'Padai' means army; the Padaiyachiyar were a warrior (military) class.

23.  
[Health Officer-MAR-2023] Match the following land divisions with animals:
(a) Kurinji - 1. Sheep
(b) Palai - 2. Buffalo
(c) Mullai - 3. Tiger
(d) Marutham - 4. Jackal

Correct Answer: C [3 4 1 2]

Notes:

Kurinji – tiger, Palai – jackal/wolf, Mullai – sheep, Marutham – buffalo.

24.  
[Health Officer-MAR-2023] Which of the following was not a leader of the Mullai land?

Correct Answer: D [Verpan]

Notes:

Verpan denotes the chief of the hilly Kurinji region, not of Mullai.

25.  
[Health Officer-MAR-2023] 'Alvilai Piramana isaivu tittu' means

Correct Answer: D [Sales document of the slaves]

Notes:

'Al-vilai piramana isaivu tittu' was a deed recording the sale of persons (slaves).

26.  
[JRO & Asst Prof (Psychology)-MAR-2023] Match the following from List I with List II and choose the correct option.
(a) Kurinji - 1. Indra
(b) Mullai - 2. Murugan
(c) Marudam - 3. Thirumal
(d) Neydal - 4. Varuna

Correct Answer: A [2 3 1 4]

Notes:

Kurinji – Murugan, Mullai – Thirumal, Marudam – Indra, Neydal – Varuna.

27.  
[Road Inspector-MAY-2023] Which of the following pairs is not correct?
(i) Ilanjetchenni - Chenguttuvan
(ii) Mangulam - Tamil Brahmi inscription
(iii) Uruttirankannanar - Pattinappalai
(iv) Velir Chieftains - Thithiyan

Correct Answer: A [(i) only]

Notes:

Ilanjetchenni was a Chola king while Chenguttuvan was a Chera king, so pair (i) is wrong; the others are correct.

28.  
[DEO-MAY-2023] Reason and Assertion type:
Assertion [A]: Tamil rulers patronized Tamil and Tamil poets in their courts.
Reason [R]: The words mandram, Avai, Ambalam and Mandru were used for Kings' Courts.

Correct Answer: D [Both [A] and [R] are true but [R] is not the correct explanation of [A]]

Notes:

Sangam rulers did patronize poets, and courts were called mandram, avai etc., but the names of the courts do not explain the patronage.

29.  
[DEO-MAY-2023] What basic need does IAY fulfill?

Correct Answer: C [Housing]

Notes:

Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) provided housing for the rural poor.

30.  
[LIBRARY-2023] The Sangam poets and literature were patronised by

Correct Answer: C [Pandyas]

Notes:

The Pandya kings of Madurai convened the Tamil Sangams and patronised Sangam poets and literature.

31.  
[CESS-2023] __________ gives a vivid account of Karikalan's reign.

Correct Answer: B [Pattinappalai]

Notes:

Pattinappalai by Kadiyalur Uruthirankannanar describes Karikala Chola's reign and the port city of Kaveripumpattinam in detail.

32.  
[JA-2023] Methods of measuring lands such as Are, Nivarthanam and Pattigai were followed during which king's period?

Correct Answer: D [Pallavan period]

Notes:

Pallava copper-plate grants mention land measures such as Are (Er), Nivartana and Pattika.

33.  
[JA-2023] Which flower is the symbol of chastity for women in Tamil society?

Correct Answer: C [Mullai]

Notes:

Mullai stands for patient waiting (iruttal) of the wife, so the mullai flower symbolises women's chastity ('mullai saanra karpu').

34.  
[JSO-2023] Choose the right answer:
Which of the following statements is true about the trade activities of ancient Tamilagam?
(i) Kaveri Pumpattinam was also known as Anuradhapuram
(ii) There were two kinds of markets such as Allangadi and Nallangadi
(iii) Yavanars had trade contacts with ancient Tamils

Correct Answer: B [(ii) and (iii) only]

Notes:

Kaveripumpattinam was called Puhar, not Anuradhapuram (a Sri Lankan city); Allangadi (evening) and Nalangadi (day) markets existed, and Yavanas traded with Tamils.

35.  
[JSO-2023] Which literature describes Pasumpoon Pandiyan, the Sangam king, as having had white flags flying on his elephants?

Correct Answer: A [Agananooru]

Notes:

The reference to white flags on Pasumpoon Pandiyan's elephants occurs in a poem of Akananuru.

36.  
[JSO-2023] Match List-I to List-II and answer using the codes given.
(a) Recreational Town - 1. Panaji
(b) Administrative Town - 2. New Delhi
(c) Industrial Town - 3. Jamshedpur
(d) Religious Town - 4. Madurai

Correct Answer: B [1 2 3 4]

Notes:

Panaji is a recreational (tourist) town, New Delhi administrative, Jamshedpur industrial (steel) and Madurai a religious temple town.

37.  
[COMBINED RESEARCH ASSISTANT-2023] Assertion [A]: Palai is one of the habitable regions.
Reason [R]: The people of Palai domesticated animals.

Correct Answer: B [[A] is true, but [R] is false]

Notes:

Palai is counted among the five habitable tinai regions, but its people (Eyinar, Maravar) lived by plunder, not by rearing animals (that was Mullai).

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