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1.  
[ASSISTANT TRAINING OFFICER (TEXTILE)-2023] In Tamil Nadu, a Neolithic culture site is found in

Correct Answer: B [Paiyampalli]

Notes:

Paiyampalli in Vellore district is a key Neolithic site of Tamil Nadu; Kodumanal and Adichanallur are Iron Age sites.

2.  
[JUNIOR ANALYST (TN MEDICAL SERVICE)-2023] What can be said about the oral traditions in Tamil society?
(i) Paan legacy
(ii) Paanar legacy

Correct Answer: C [(i) and (ii)]

Notes:

Tamil oral tradition is described both as the Paan (song) tradition and the Paanar (bardic) tradition of the singers who carried it.

3.  
[JUNIOR ANALYST (TN MEDICAL SERVICE)-2023] Which one of the following was educational centre(s) under the Cholas?
1. Ennayiram
2. Thirubhuvanam
3. Thirumukkudal
4. Thiruvotriyur

Correct Answer: D [All the above]

Notes:

Chola inscriptions record colleges (salais) at Ennayiram, Thirubhuvanam, Thirumukkudal and Thiruvotriyur.

4.  
[MASS INTERVIEWER-2023] Which one is not matching correctly?
(i) Kurinji - Punarthal
(ii) Mullai - Iruthal
(iii) Marudam - Udal
(iv) Neydal - Pirithal

Correct Answer: D [(iv) only]

Notes:

The theme of Neydal is irangal (pining); pirithal (separation) belongs to Palai.

5.  
[HINDU RELIGIOUS EO G1-2024] Which of these items were shipped to King Solomon from Tamil Nadu in the 10th century BC?

Correct Answer: B [Peacock feather, elephant ivory, perfumes]

Notes:

Biblical accounts record that ships carried peacock (feathers), ivory and fragrant goods such as sandalwood from the Tamil coast to King Solomon.

6.  
[COMBINED ACCOUNTS SERVICE-2024] "The Ainnurruvar" of 8th and 13th centuries of Tamil Nadu refers to

Correct Answer: C [Merchant Guild]

Notes:

The Ainnurruvar (Five Hundred of Aihole) was a famous South Indian merchant guild.

7.  
[COMBINED ACCOUNTS SERVICE-2024] Match the following:
(a) Kurinchi - 1. Looting
(b) Palai - 2. Weeding
(c) Mullai - 3. Bull Fighting (Jalli Kattu)
(d) Marutam - 4. Hunting

Correct Answer: B [4 1 3 2]

Notes:

Kurinji – hunting, Palai – looting, Mullai – bull-taming (eru thazhuvuthal), Marutham – weeding in agriculture.

8.  
[G4-2024] The Roman writer Pliny the Elder writes of __________ in his Natural History as the first emporium of India.

Correct Answer: C [Musiri]

Notes:

Pliny the Elder in his Natural History calls the Chera port Muziris 'primum emporium Indiae', the first emporium of India.

9.  
[G4-2024] The term "Satyaputra" found in the Ashokan inscription refers to

Correct Answer: A [Adiyaman]

Notes:

The Jambai inscription calls Adiyaman 'Satiyaputo', identifying the Satyaputras of Ashoka's edicts with the Adiyaman line.

10.  
[G2 & 2A-2024] Choose the Sangam period in which the poet Nakkirar was considered the most predominant poet:
(a) First Sangam
(b) Third Sangam
(c) Second Sangam
(d) Fourth Sangam

Correct Answer: B [(b) only]

Notes:

According to the Iraiyanar Akapporul commentary, Nakkirar was the leading poet of the Third (last) Sangam at Madurai.

11.  
[G1-2024] Which place was the most important learning centre of the Jain scholars?

Correct Answer: A [Madurai]

Notes:

Madurai and its surrounding hills hosted many Jain schools, and Vajranandi founded the Dravida Sangha at Madurai in 470 CE.

12.  
[G1-2024] Match the following Titles of the Kings:
(a) Pandiyar - 1. Aadhavan
(b) Cherar - 2. Thithiyan
(c) Chola - 3. Chezhiyan
(d) Aai - 4. Sembian

Correct Answer: B [3 1 4 2]

Notes:

Pandyas bore the title Chezhiyan, Cheras Aadhavan, Cholas Sembian and the Aai chief Thithiyan, giving 3 1 4 2.

13.  
[G1-2024] The temple for "Kannagi" was constructed by

Correct Answer: B [Senguttuvan]

Notes:

According to Silappathikaram, the Chera king Senguttuvan brought a stone from the Himalayas and built a temple for Kannagi, starting the Pattini cult.

14.  
[G1-2024] The Uttiramerur inscription reveals
(1) Village Administration
(2) Written Constitution
(3) Perfect Electoral System
(4) Paranthaka Administration

Correct Answer: D [All the above]

Notes:

The Uttiramerur inscriptions of Parantaka I record, as written rules, the village administration, its sabha and committees, and the kudavolai election system.

15.  
[CTSE-IV-2024] The earliest discovery of rock painting in Tamil Nadu was at

Correct Answer: B [Mallapadi]

Notes:

The rock paintings at Mallapadi (Krishnagiri district), found in 1978, were the first rock art discovered in Tamil Nadu.

16.  
[CTSE-ITI-2024] The ascending order of the administrative division in the ancient Tamizhagam was
(1) Oor
(2) Nadu
(3) Kootram
(4) Mandalam

Correct Answer: C [(1), (3), (2), (4)]

Notes:

From smallest to largest: Oor (village) → Kootram → Nadu → Mandalam (province).

17.  
[CTSE-IV-II-2024] Match the following type:
(a) Strabo - 1. Greek Historian
(b) J.A. Dubois - 2. Roman Traveller
(c) Megasthenes - 3. Chinese Traveller
(d) Fahien - 4. French Missionary

Correct Answer: B [2 4 1 3]

Notes:

Megasthenes was the Greek author of Indica, Abbe J.A. Dubois a French missionary, Fahien a Chinese pilgrim, and Strabo (geographer of the Roman era) is matched with Roman traveller: 2 4 1 3.

18.  
[G1B&C-2024] What is the meaning derived from the Tamil Inscription transcribed on the Hero stone?
[Inscription: kal / petutiyan antavan / kutal ur a kol]

Correct Answer: D [Kudallur aakkolil maranamadaintha pedu theeya kullam sarntha anthavanuku yedukkapatta kal]

Notes:

'Akol' means a cattle raid; the stone was erected for Pedu Theeyan Anthavan who died in the cattle raid at Kudalur.

19.  
[G1B&C-2024] Arrange the following grants in chronological order.
1. Velvikkudi grant
2. Sivakasi grant
3. Sinnamanur grant
4. Srivaramangalam grant

Correct Answer: B [1, 4, 3, 2]

Notes:

Velvikkudi (Nedunjadaiyan Parantaka, 8th c.) comes first, then Srivaramangalam, then Sinnamanur (Rajasimha, early 10th c.), and Sivakasi (Vira Pandya, mid-10th c.) last.

20.  
[G1B&C-2024] Which of the following statements are true about the Mullai land?
1. The people of mullai land are cattle herders
2. Indhiran is worshipped as God
3. Mullai land is forest and forest-related land

Correct Answer: C [1 and 3 only]

Notes:

Mullai is forest and its surroundings, where herdsmen reared cattle; its deity is Mayon (Thirumal). Indra (Vendan) is the deity of Marutham.

21.  
[APP-GII-2025] Match the following:
(a) Mullai - 1. Varuna
(b) Marudam - 2. Kotravai
(c) Neydal - 3. Mayon
(d) Palai - 4. Vendan

Correct Answer: B [3 4 1 2]

Notes:

Mullai - Mayon, Marutham - Vendan (Indra), Neythal - Varuna, Palai - Kotravai: 3 4 1 2.

22.  
[SCE-2025] Thirunavukkarasar said, "________ as Kalviyil Karai Illatha"

Correct Answer: B [Kanchi]

Notes:

Appar praised Kanchipuram as "Kalviyil karai illatha Kanchi", a city of boundless learning and the great education centre of the Pallava age.

23.  
[SCE-2025] Which Tamil king's name is found to be inscribed on the Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions found in Mangulam?

Correct Answer: A [Nedunchezhiyan]

Notes:

The Mangulam Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions near Madurai name the Pandya king Nedunchezhiyan as the donor of rock beds for Jain monks.

24.  
[G1&1A-2025] Assertion [A]: Some poets live on their prize money. Most of the poets have their own professions. They don't depend on prizes.
Reason [R]: When poets who make a living out of their prizes get prizes of low value / below their expectation, they reject it.

Correct Answer: B [Both [A] and [R] are true, but [R] is not the correct explanation of [A]]

Notes:

Many Sangam poets followed their own trades and only some lived on gifts, and gift-seeking poets did refuse unworthy gifts. Both statements are true, but R does not explain A.

25.  
[G1&1A-2025] Choose the wrong pair:
1. Thodakku - The ornaments on the neck
2. Andalai Aduppu - Cock shaped
3. Iyavithulam - Weapons for gouging the eyes
4. Yeri Chiral - The equipment to stock bow and arrows

Correct Answer: D [3 and 4 incorrectly matched]

Notes:

Among the Madurai fort devices in Silappathikaram, Iyavithulam is a beam device for striking enemies, and Erichiral is a kingfisher-shaped device that pecks the enemy's eyes. Pairs 3 and 4 are therefore wrong.

26.  
[CTS (IV Post)-2025] Match the deities correctly with their corresponding landscapes:
(a) Mayon - 1. Neydal
(b) Seyon - 2. Kurinji
(c) Vendan - 3. Mullai
(d) Varunan - 4. Marudham

Correct Answer: B [3 2 4 1]

Notes:

Mayon (Vishnu) is the deity of Mullai, Seyon (Murugan) of Kurinji, Vendan (Indra) of Marudham and Varunan of Neydal.

27.  
[Group 2 & 2A-2025] Which of the following are correctly paired?
(1) Kurinji - Parrot
(2) Mullai - Wild-cock
(3) Marudam - Lark
(4) Neydal - Owl
(5) Palai - Pigeon

Correct Answer: D [(1), (2), (5)]

Notes:

Kurinji's birds are parrot and peacock, Mullai's is the wild cock, and Palai's are pigeon and kite. Marudam has stork and swan, and Neydal has the seagull, so pairs (3) and (4) are wrong.

28.  
[CTS ITI Level II-2025] Match the following timeline of early Tamilnadu:
(a) Megalithic Age - 1. 300 AD to 500 AD
(b) Sangam Age - 2. 400 BC to 300 BC
(c) Introduction of Brahmi Scripts - 3. 300 BC to 300 AD
(d) Post Sangam Age - 4. 1300 BC to 300 BC

Correct Answer: B [(4) (3) (2) (1)]

Notes:

The TN textbook dates the Megalithic Age to 1300–300 BC, the introduction of Brahmi to 400–300 BC, the Sangam Age to 300 BC–300 AD and the post-Sangam age to 300–500 AD.

29.  
[CTS ITI Level II-2025] Match the following:
(a) Kilavan - (1) Possessor of land
(b) Asudaiyan - (2) Leader
(c) Nayagam - (3) Headman
(d) Araiyan - (4) Urar
(5) Captain of a regiment

Correct Answer: B [(3) (1) (5) (2)]

Notes:

Kilavan denotes the village headman, Asudaiyan the possessor of land, Nayagam the captain of a regiment and Araiyan a leader.

30.  
[APP Grade II-2026] Choose the right matches among the types of tax.
(1) Antarayappattam - Land tax
(2) Sekkayam - Tax on oil press
(3) Aririsi-Kasu - Salt pans
(4) Kalalavuppattam - Committed mistakes

Correct Answer: D [(1), (2), (3) and (4) are correct]

Notes:

In the Chola tax list, Antarayam was a land tax, Sekkayam a tax on oil presses, Aririsi-kasu a levy on salt pans and Kalalavu-pattam a fine for offences committed, so all four are correct.

31.  
[APP Grade II-2026] Choose the right matches among the following:
(1) Hyder Ali - Garuda
(2) Tipu Sultan - Tiger
(3) Cholas - Tiger
(4) Pandiyas - Lion

Correct Answer: C [(2) and (3) are correct]

Notes:

Tipu Sultan's emblem was the tiger and the Chola emblem was also the tiger; the Pandya emblem was the fish (carp), not the lion.

32.  
[APP Grade II-2026] Which marriage is celebrated without parental consent?

Correct Answer: A [Gantharvam]

Notes:

Gandharva marriage is a union by mutual love of the couple without parental consent, and it is likened to the Tamil kalavu marriage.

33.  
[APP Grade II-2026] Match the following kings to their kingdoms:
(a) Nalliyakodan - 1. Chengam
(b) Athiyaman - 2. Koviloor
(c) Malayaman Tirumudikari - 3. Tindivanam
(d) Nannan - 4. Thagadoor

Correct Answer: C [3 4 2 1]

Notes:

Nalliyakodan ruled the Tindivanam region, Athiyaman ruled Thagadoor (Dharmapuri), Malayaman Thirumudikari ruled Thirukkoviloor and Nannan ruled the Chengam region.

34.  
[CTS (IV Post)-2026] Read the following assertion and reason and select the correct answer from the code given below:
Assertion [A]: The Tamils had the knowledge of iron as early as in the 4th millennium BCE.
Reason [R]: Iron objects dating between 2427 and 3345 BCE were obtained in different places in Tamilnadu.

Correct Answer: C [Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is the correct explanation of [A]]

Notes:

Per the 2025 'Antiquity of Iron' report, iron objects from Sivakalai and other sites were dated as early as 3345 BCE, which is the evidence that Tamils knew iron in the 4th millennium BCE.

35.  
[Group 2A Mains-2025] Arrange the following periods in order:
(1) Prehistoric period
(2) Chola's period
(3) Sangam period
(4) Pallava's period

Correct Answer: C [(1), (3), (4), (2)]

Notes:

The correct order is Prehistoric, Sangam (300 BC–300 AD), Pallava (6th–9th century AD), then Imperial Chola (9th–13th century AD).

36.  
[Group 2A Mains (Revoked)-2026] Choose the correct matches from the given matches:
(1) Chera King - Vanji–Thondi
(2) Chola King - Madurai–Korkai
(3) Pandiya King - Uraiyur–Poombugar
(4) King Ashoka - Samba Inscription

Correct Answer: B [(1) and (4) only]

Notes:

The Chera capital was Vanji with Thondi as its port, while Madurai–Korkai belong to the Pandyas and Uraiyur–Puhar to the Cholas, so (2) and (3) are wrong and only option B remains with (1) and (4).

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