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1.  
[VAS-AHGS-2020] Which one of the following is called as the tallest Gopura in South Asia?

Correct Answer: C [Arulmighu Aranganathar temple Gopura]

Notes:

The Rajagopuram of the Sri Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam (about 73 m, 13 tiers) is the tallest temple tower in South Asia.

2.  
[VAS-AHGS-2020] Which of the following councils assisted the Sangam rulers?

Correct Answer: B [Aimperum Kuzhu and Enperayam]

Notes:

Sangam kings were assisted by the Aimperum Kuzhu (five great assemblies) and the Enperayam (eight great groups). Sabha–Samiti are Vedic, the Ashtadiggajas belong to Vijayanagara and the Ashtapradhan to the Marathas.

3.  
[ARGS-2020] ________, the Moorish traveller, wrote about the condition of Tamil Nadu during Muhammad bin Tughlaq's rule.

Correct Answer: A [Ibn Battuta]

Notes:

Ibn Battuta of Morocco visited India under Muhammad bin Tughlaq and also wrote about the Madurai Sultanate.

4.  
[PTGS-2021] Which book describes the marriage customs of the Sangam age people?

Correct Answer: C [Akananuru]

Notes:

Akananuru poems (notably 86 and 136) describe Sangam-age wedding rituals in detail.

5.  
[AHGS-2021] Traditionally, the land of Tamils is presented as containing 5 major physiographic divisions. Match the following:
(a) Kurinji – 1. Fertile region
(b) Mullai – 2. Forest region
(c) Marudham – 3. Coastal region
(d) Neidhal – 4. Mountainous region

Correct Answer: D [4 2 1 3]

Notes:

Kurinji – hills, Mullai – forest, Marudham – fertile farmland, Neidhal – coast. The fifth, Palai, is arid land.

6.  
[ADGS-2021] Analyse the following statements:
A: The Eighth World Tamil Conference was held in 1995 at Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu.
B: This conference is specially known as the Tamil classical conference.

Correct Answer: C [A correct and B wrong]

Notes:

The 8th World Tamil Conference was held at Thanjavur in 1995. The World Classical Tamil Conference was held at Coimbatore in 2010.

7.  
[PSHY-2022] During the Sangam period, Kopperundevi, wife of Ariyappadai Kadandha Nedunjeliyan, died the moment her husband died. It was called ________.

Correct Answer: D [The Arakarpu]

Notes:

Kopperundevi's chastity, giving up her life the moment her husband died, is called Arakarpu (virtuous chastity), whereas Kannagi's wrathful burning of Madurai is called Marakarpu (heroic chastity).

8.  
[VCGS-2022] ________ was a unit of measuring gold in the Sangam age.

Correct Answer: B [Kalanju]

Notes:

Kalanju measured gold; Veli measured land and Marakkal measured grain.

9.  
[VCGS-2022] ________ Naligais were there for a day during the Sangam age.

Correct Answer: D [Sixty]

Notes:

One day = 60 naligais; one naligai = 24 minutes.

10.  
[VCGS-2022] ________ was considered to be the brave entertainment of the Sangam society.

Correct Answer: A [Erutaluvudal]

Notes:

Erutaluvudal (today's Jallikattu) was the heroic bull-embracing sport of the Mullai region, described in Kalithogai.

11.  
[VCGS-2022] How were the village artisans called in medieval South India?

Correct Answer: A [Ayagars]

Notes:

Ayagars were the village servants and artisans (Vijayanagara period); Mirasidars and Zamindars were landholders.

12.  
[TNPSC-2022] Arrange the following stages of women in order:
1. Mangai 2. Arivai 3. Madanthai 4. Therivai

Correct Answer: B [1 3 2 4]

Notes:

The seven stages: Pedhai, Pedhumbai, Mangai, Madanthai, Arivai, Therivai, Perilampen. So Mangai → Madanthai → Arivai → Therivai.

13.  
[Surveyor/Draftsman-2022] ________, a foreign account, called Muziris the "First Emporium of India".

Correct Answer: A [Natural History]

Notes:

Pliny's Natural History calls Muziris 'primum emporium Indiae' – the first emporium of India.

14.  
[G-2-2022] During the 'Later Chola period', 'Irayili' was associated with

Correct Answer: A [Tax free land]

Notes:

In the Chola period 'irai' meant tax; 'irayili' was land exempted from tax.

15.  
[G-6 Forest Apprentice-2022] Match the topographical divisions to their lands, called 'Thinais' in Sangam society.
(a) Kurinji - 1. Coastal area
(b) Mullai - 2. Agricultural area
(c) Marudham - 3. Desert area
(d) Neithal - 4. Hilly tracts
(e) Palai - 5. Pastoral area

Correct Answer: D [4 5 2 1 3]

Notes:

Kurinji – hills, Mullai – forest/pasture, Marudham – farmland, Neithal – coast, Palai – arid land.

16.  
[G-6 Forest Apprentice-2022] Which of the following deals with the study of living people and their material culture?

Correct Answer: A [Ethno Archaeology]

Notes:

Ethno-archaeology studies living peoples and their material culture to help interpret the archaeological past.

17.  
[G-6 Forest Apprentice-2022] The term 'aima' means

Correct Answer: D [Lands donated to the purpose of prayer to God]

Notes:

Under the Mughals, 'aima' (madad-i-maash) was revenue-free land granted to religious scholars for prayer and religious purposes.

18.  
[EO-GIII-2022] During the Sangam period the Agricultural area was called as

Correct Answer: C [Marudam]

Notes:

Fertile cultivated land (fields and their surroundings) was called Marudam.

19.  
[EO-GIII-2022] Pallavan Kovil plates explain about

Correct Answer: B [Digambara Jaina order]

Notes:

The Pallankovil copper plates of Simhavarman record a grant to a monk of the Digambara Jaina order.

20.  
[EO-GIII-2022] Varunan was the God of

Correct Answer: C [People of Neidal]

Notes:

Varunan, the sea god, was the deity of the coastal Neidal people.

21.  
[EO-2022] Which empire's embassies were received by Emperor Augustus Caesar at Terragoda and on the island of Cyprus?

Correct Answer: D [Pandyan]

Notes:

Classical writers such as Strabo record that a Pandyan king sent an embassy to the Roman Emperor Augustus.

22.  
[DPGS-2022] 'Houangtche' refers to the place

Correct Answer: A [Kanchi]

Notes:

In Chinese records 'Houangtche' (Huang-chih) refers to Kanchi.

23.  
[CEGS-2022] It is called as 'Troy of the East'

Correct Answer: B [The fort at Chenji]

Notes:

The Gingee (Chenji) fort was called the 'Troy of the East' by the British for its impregnability.

24.  
[CAGS-2022] The capital city of Sangam Cheras was

Correct Answer: D [Vanji]

Notes:

The Sangam Cheras ruled from Vanji (Karur); Musiri was their port.

25.  
[CAGS-2022] The original name of Karikal Chola

Correct Answer: C [Thirumavalavan]

Notes:

Karikala's original name was Thirumavalavan; Arunmozhi was the name of Rajaraja I.

26.  
[G-1-2022] Match:
Tinais - Their Gods
(a) Kurinji - 1. Kali
(b) Mullai - 2. Murugan
(c) Marudam - 3. Indra
(d) Palai - 4. Tirumal

Correct Answer: C [2 4 3 1]

Notes:

Kurinji – Murugan, Mullai – Tirumal, Marudam – Indra, Palai – Korravai (Kali).

27.  
[G-1-2022] Which festival was celebrated throughout Tamilaham during the Sangam Age?

Correct Answer: D [Thiruvathirai]

Notes:

Paripadal describes the Thiruvathirai festival in the month of Markazhi, with the women's ritual bath (amba adal); it was celebrated across Tamilakam.

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