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1.  
Who conducted India's first National Household Travel Survey (July 2025 – June 2026)?

Correct Answer: C [National Statistics Office (NSO)]

Notes:

MoSPI's NSO, at the request of the Railways Ministry, covered 4.92 lakh households and 20.34 lakh persons.

2.  
Which mode do most workers use to commute to a fixed workplace?

Correct Answer: D [Two-wheeler (42.6%)]

Notes:

Two-wheelers 42.6% (urban 52.3%, rural 37.1%). Average monthly commute cost ₹785 (urban ₹1,044, rural ₹612); average time 25 minutes.

3.  
Which mode carried the largest share of overnight trips?

Correct Answer: A [Bus (55.8%)]

Notes:

Bus 55.8% plus rail 17.7% make 73.5%; cars 15.1%. Social and religious purposes account for 70.2% of trips, leisure only 7.4%.

4.  
NSO was formed in 2019 by merging which two bodies?

Correct Answer: C [CSO and NSSO]

Notes:

Central Statistics Office (CSO, 1951) plus National Sample Survey Office (NSSO, 1950) became the NSO in 2019. The ISI is a separate institute.

5.  
Whose birthday, 29 June, is observed as National Statistics Day?

Correct Answer: B [P.C. Mahalanobis]

Notes:

Mahalanobis founded the ISI in Kolkata (1931), framed the Second Five-Year Plan model (1956) and set up the NSS.

6.  
ITLA will monitor infrastructure projects above what value?

Correct Answer: B [₹500 crore]

Notes:

Approved by the Union Cabinet under the PM on 6 Oct 2026, ITLA will monitor projects above ₹500 crore and give a common platform to resolve hold-ups.

7.  
What is ITLA's main task?

Correct Answer: D [One integrated plan for all transport modes]

Notes:

A national apex body (special purpose vehicle) to draw up one long-term plan across roads, rail, ports, aviation, inland waterways, coastal shipping, urban mobility and logistics.

8.  
In which year was the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan for multimodal connectivity launched?

Correct Answer: B [2021]

Notes:

Launched on 13 Oct 2021 with seven engines: roads, railways, airports, ports, mass transport, waterways and logistics infrastructure. The National Logistics Policy followed on 17 Sept 2022.

9.  
Who publishes the LEADS report that ranks States on logistics?

Correct Answer: A [Commerce Ministry (DPIIT)]

Notes:

LEADS (Logistics Ease Across Different States) is published since 2018 by DPIIT under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

10.  
Which was India's first corporatised major port?

Correct Answer: C [Kamarajar Port, Ennore]

Notes:

Ennore Port near Chennai began in 2001 as a company, later renamed Kamarajar Port. Tamil Nadu has three major ports: Chennai, Kamarajar and V.O. Chidambaranar.

11.  
On 6 Oct 2026, the keel of which ship was laid at HSL?

Correct Answer: C [The fifth Fleet Support Ship (FSS-5)]

Notes:

Three firsts at one event: Surya (FSS-1) launched, FSS-5's keel laid, and the upgraded Slipway-4 and 300-tonne Goliath crane opened. Keel laying marks the formal start of a ship's construction.

12.  
The upgraded Slipway-4 can build ships of up to how many deadweight tonnes?

Correct Answer: D [45,000 DWT]

Notes:

The lengthened, strengthened Slipway-4 plus the new crane let HSL build and launch ships of up to 45,000 DWT; DWT is the total weight a ship can carry.

13.  
What is the lifting capacity of the Goliath crane opened at HSL?

Correct Answer: A [300 tonnes]

Notes:

The 300-tonne Goliath (gantry) crane lifts large ship blocks in one go, cutting build time.

14.  
In which year was HSL brought under the Ministry of Defence?

Correct Answer: B [2010]

Notes:

Nationalised in 1961 under the Shipping Ministry, moved to the Defence Ministry in 2010, and made Miniratna Category-I in 2025.

15.  
Where is the headquarters of the Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command?

Correct Answer: B [Visakhapatnam]

Notes:

Naval commands: Western – Mumbai, Eastern – Visakhapatnam, Southern – Kochi. Chennai hosts the Coast Guard's Eastern Region HQ.

16.  
A 'nuclear triad' means the ability to deliver nuclear weapons from:

Correct Answer: A [Land, air and sea]

Notes:

Land: Agni missiles; air: Rafale, Mirage-2000, Su-30MKI; sea: K-4/K-15 missiles on Arihant-class nuclear submarines.

17.  
Which is India's third nuclear ballistic-missile submarine (SSBN), commissioned in April 2026?

Correct Answer: B [INS Aridhaman]

Notes:

INS Aridhaman (3 Apr 2026, Visakhapatnam): about 7,000 t, 8 launch tubes (8 K-4 or 24 K-15). With three SSBNs one can always be on patrol: continuous at-sea deterrence. Arihant 2016, Arighaat 2024; Chakra was a leased Russian SSN.

18.  
What is the approximate range of the K-4 submarine-launched missile?

Correct Answer: B [3,500 km]

Notes:

K-4: about 3,500 km; K-15 (Sagarika): 750 km. The 'K' series honours Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam of Rameswaram.

19.  
What is the core principle of India's nuclear doctrine (2003)?

Correct Answer: C [No First Use]

Notes:

Credible minimum deterrence, No First Use and 'massive' retaliation; the Nuclear Command Authority's Political Council is chaired by the PM. Tests: Pokhran 1974 and 1998.

20.  
In which district is INS Kattabomman, the Navy's Very Low Frequency station for talking to submarines?

Correct Answer: D [Tirunelveli]

Notes:

INS Kattabomman at Vijayanarayanam, Tirunelveli district (since 1990), sends messages to submerged submarines; a second VLF station is coming up at Damagundam, Telangana.

21.  
Who developed eSanjeevani, the national telemedicine service?

Correct Answer: B [C-DAC, Mohali]

Notes:

Built by C-DAC Mohali for the Health Ministry (November 2019). It crossed 50,00,92,730 consultations on 15 Sept 2026, the world's largest primary-care telemedicine service.

22.  
Statements – which is/are correct?
1. AB-HWC – links Arogya Mandirs.
2. OPD – consult from home.
3. English only.

Correct Answer: A [1 and 2 only]

Notes:

1 and 2 are correct. It links 1.42 lakh Arogya Mandirs, 19,473 hubs and 901 online OPDs, and works in 15 languages, so 3 is wrong.

23.  
Roughly what share of eSanjeevani consultations are by women?

Correct Answer: B [57%]

Notes:

Women 57.14%; people over 46 more than 40%. It handles 2.5-3 lakh consultations a day; its AI clinical-decision support won the 2026 National e-Governance Gold Award.

24.  
Which body implements the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)?

Correct Answer: D [National Health Authority (NHA)]

Notes:

ABDM began on 27 Sept 2021 and gives each person a 14-digit ABHA health ID; NHA also runs PM-JAY.

25.  
Which Tamil Nadu scheme, begun in Krishnagiri in 2021, brings diabetes and BP drugs home?

Correct Answer: D [Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam]

Notes:

Launched on 5 Aug 2021 at Samanapalli (Krishnagiri) for home care of non-communicable diseases; it won the UN Inter-Agency Task Force award in 2024.

26.  
For what was the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Francis Halzen?

Correct Answer: A [IceCube and high-energy cosmic neutrinos]

Notes:

'For decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin.' Halzen, 82, won it alone (SEK 12 million); he works at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA.

27.  
Where is IceCube, a cubic kilometre of ice fitted with light sensors?

Correct Answer: C [South Pole, Antarctica]

Notes:

Completed in 2011 at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station after Halzen proposed it in 1988. UPSC Prelims 2015 asked about IceCube. Lake Baikal hosts Russia's Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope.

28.  
Statements on neutrinos – which is/are correct?
1. They carry no electric charge.
2. Their mass is extremely tiny.
3. They interact strongly with matter.

Correct Answer: A [1 and 2 only]

Notes:

1 and 2 are correct. Neutrinos rarely interact with matter, hence 'ghost particles' that pass through the Earth; Wolfgang Pauli proposed them in 1930.

29.  
Pottipuram (Bodi West Hills), the proposed site of the India-based Neutrino Observatory, is in which district?

Correct Answer: D [Theni]

Notes:

INO was planned under a hill at Pottipuram in Theni district but stalled over environmental objections. Atmospheric neutrinos were first detected at the Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka, in 1965.

30.  
Which Belgian scientist shared the 2013 Physics Nobel with Peter Higgs?

Correct Answer: A [François Englert]

Notes:

Englert: Higgs mechanism (2013). Lemaître pioneered the Big Bang idea (no Nobel); Prigogine won Chemistry 1977; de Duve won Medicine 1974.

31.  
Tukaram Mundhe, hailed as a 'rock star' by The New York Times, holds which post?

Correct Answer: A [Maharashtra FDA Commissioner]

Notes:

His surprise raids on restaurants, warehouses and quick-commerce dark stores led to closures and licence suspensions. He replied: 'Good governance is not about making headlines but about making a difference.'

32.  
Under which ministry does the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) work?

Correct Answer: D [Health and Family Welfare]

Notes:

FSSAI was set up in 2008, headquartered in New Delhi. State Food Safety Commissioners enforce the law; in Maharashtra the FDA Commissioner holds that role.

33.  
The Food Safety and Standards Act, which replaced the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954, was passed in:

Correct Answer: D [2006]

Notes:

The FSS Act 2006 merged eight food laws and came into force on 5 Aug 2011. 1986 and 2019 are Consumer Protection Acts.

34.  
Marathwada, the region of Mundhe's home district Beed, was part of which princely state until 1948?

Correct Answer: B [Hyderabad (Nizam)]

Notes:

Hyderabad joined India after Operation Polo in September 1948; 17 September is Marathwada Liberation Day. Mundhe is a 2005-batch IAS officer transferred 25 times in 21 years.

35.  
Which Directive Principle makes raising nutrition and public health a primary duty of the State?

Correct Answer: B [Article 47]

Notes:

Art. 47 covers nutrition, living standards, public health and prohibition. Tamil Nadu leads with the Nutritious Meal Scheme (1982) and Breakfast Scheme (2022). Art. 48 deals with agriculture and animal husbandry.

36.  
The 'Cotton-4' countries that proposed World Cotton Day on 7 October belong to which continent?

Correct Answer: A [Africa]

Notes:

Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali; first marked at the WTO in 2019 and recognised by the UN General Assembly in August 2021.

37.  
Where is the official World Cotton Day 2026 event held?

Correct Answer: D [Tashkent, Uzbekistan]

Notes:

Hosted by Uzbekistan with the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC); theme 'Cotton for Good: Building Prosperity Through Trade, Transformation and Partnership', with FAO as a key organiser.

38.  
Black (regur) soil, ideal for cotton, is formed mainly from which rock?

Correct Answer: C [Deccan Trap basalt]

Notes:

Weathered basalt gives moisture-holding black soil that cracks when dry. In Tamil Nadu the karisal lands of Kovilpatti, Virudhunagar and Thoothukudi are known for rain-fed cotton.

39.  
Which body started the World Day for Decent Work (7 October) in 2008?

Correct Answer: A [International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)]

Notes:

ITUC (2006, Brussels) started the day. The ILO coined 'decent work' in 1999; it is UN SDG 8. The ILO dates from 1919, is in Geneva and won the 1969 Peace Nobel.

40.  
Match:
a. Coimbatore
b. Tiruppur
c. Karur – 1. Knitwear capital 2. Manchester of South India 3. Home-textile city

Correct Answer: C [a-2, b-1, c-3]

Notes:

Coimbatore: spinning mills, 'Manchester of South India'; Tiruppur: knitwear exports ('Dollar City'); Karur: home textiles such as bed linen and curtains. India has the world's largest cotton area.

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