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1.  
In October 2026 an inscription dated 1801 was found at which place in Tenkasi district?

Correct Answer: C [Ilanji]

Notes:

A half-buried stone in farmer Thangadurai's field at Ilanji was studied by the Thenpothigai archives team; it records a gift linked to the Ilanji Murugan temple.

2.  
Which event took place in 1801, the year of this inscription?

Correct Answer: D [Execution of the Marudhu brothers at Tiruppattur]

Notes:

The Marudhu brothers were hanged on 24 October 1801. Kattabomman: 16 Oct 1799 (Kayathar); Vellore Mutiny: 10 July 1806; Seringapatam: 1792.

3.  
Below the text are a vel (spear) and a peacock holding a serpent in relief. These are symbols of which deity?

Correct Answer: B [Murugan]

Notes:

The vel and peacock are Murugan's emblems; the Tolkappiyam names Seyon (Murugan) as the god of Kurinji (hills). Mullai has Mayon (Thirumal), Palai has Kotravai.

4.  
Tenkasi district was carved out in 2019 from which district?

Correct Answer: C [Tirunelveli]

Notes:

Tenkasi became Tamil Nadu's 33rd district on 22 November 2019, carved out of Tirunelveli.

5.  
Statements – which is/are correct?
1. Tenkasi temple – Parakrama Pandya.
2. Chittar river – Courtallam.
3. Malayadipatti – 5th-c. hero stone.

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]

Notes:

All three are correct. Parakrama Pandya built the temple in the 15th century; the Chittar rises in the Courtallam hills and joins the Thamirabarani; the Malayadipatti hero stone (Aug 2026) is in a Tamil-Brahmi to Vattezhuthu transition script.

6.  
What is the capacity of the turbine planned for India's first offshore wind prototype off Thoothukudi?

Correct Answer: B [6.25 MW]

Notes:

One 6.25 MW turbine, about 1,650 m from the inner harbour's southern breakwater, at an estimated ₹77 crore (tender open till 29 Oct 2026).

7.  
Which company has floated the tender for this prototype?

Correct Answer: B [Indian Port Rail & Ropeway Corporation (IPRCL)]

Notes:

IPRCL works under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways. The VOC Port prototype is a learning base for large offshore wind farms.

8.  
Where is the National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) located?

Correct Answer: C [Chennai]

Notes:

NIWE (formerly C-WET, 1998) is at Velachery, Chennai, under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; it leads offshore wind resource assessment.

9.  
The 2024 offshore wind VGF scheme split 1 GW between which two States?

Correct Answer: D [Tamil Nadu and Gujarat (500 MW each)]

Notes:

In June 2024 the Cabinet approved a ₹7,453 crore VGF scheme: 500 MW each off Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, the two coasts with the strongest offshore winds.

10.  
In which year did V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, after whom Thoothukudi port is named, start the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company?

Correct Answer: C [1906]

Notes:

'Kappalottiya Thamizhan' VOC launched the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in 1906 on the Thoothukudi–Colombo route to rival a British firm (ships: SS Gallia and SS Lawoe).

11.  
Who heads Tamil Nadu's Revenue Augmentation Committee set up in July 2026?

Correct Answer: B [Montek Singh Ahluwalia]

Notes:

A six-member panel under former Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Ahluwalia (GO of 24 July 2026) will suggest ways to plug leakages and raise revenue; now a high-level advisory panel follows on cutting expenditure.

12.  
Which Tamil Nadu ratio fell to a 20-year low of 5.45% in 2025-26?

Correct Answer: D [State's Own Tax Revenue to GSDP]

Notes:

With SOTR/GSDP at 5.45%, the revenue foregone was estimated at about ₹1.23 lakh crore a year; panels on revenue, staff rationalisation and spending followed.

13.  
Which Article of the Constitution deals with a State's Annual Financial Statement (budget)?

Correct Answer: D [Article 202]

Notes:

Art. 202: State budget; Art. 112: Union budget; Art. 266: Consolidated Funds; Art. 280: Finance Commission.

14.  
In which year was the Tamil Nadu Fiscal Responsibility Act enacted?

Correct Answer: B [2003]

Notes:

Tamil Nadu passed its Act in 2003, the same year as the Union FRBM Act; both aim to hold the fiscal deficit near 3% of GDP/GSDP.

15.  
Assertion (A): Higher committed spending cuts capital spending.
Reason (R): Salaries, pensions, interest are committed.

Correct Answer: A [Both true; (R) explains (A)]

Notes:

Salaries, pensions and interest cannot be skipped; when they eat most revenue, less is left for asset-creating capital spending such as roads and schools. So R explains A.

16.  
Under the national guidelines, a board of how many doctors certifies brain stem death?

Correct Answer: C [4]

Notes:

Four doctors under the transplant rules: the hospital's medical in-charge, an independent expert from an approved panel, a neurologist/neurosurgeon and the treating doctor. On 5 Oct 2026 the Centre asked States to enforce this.

17.  
For adults, what is the minimum gap between the two sets of clinical tests?

Correct Answer: D [6 hours]

Notes:

The National Brain Stem Death Certification Guidelines (Edition I, Aug 2026): two sets of tests at least 6 hours apart for adults, including the apnoea test.

18.  
In which year was the Transplantation of Human Organs Act, which gave legal recognition to brain death, enacted?

Correct Answer: C [1994]

Notes:

The 1994 Act recognised brain death as death; a 2011 amendment added tissues (THOTA), with rules in 2014.

19.  
Which body keeps the national organ donation registry and issued these guidelines?

Correct Answer: D [NOTTO]

Notes:

The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO), New Delhi, works under the DGHS. One deceased donor can save up to eight lives.

20.  
Statements – which is/are correct?
1. 2008 – TN State organ donation scheme.
2. Since 2023 donors get State honours.
3. Hearts come from living donors.

Correct Answer: A [1 and 2 only]

Notes:

1 and 2 are correct. After the Hitendran case (2008) Tamil Nadu's deceased-donor programme (now TRANSTAN) became the national model. Hearts and lungs come only from deceased donors, so 3 is wrong.

21.  
Where was Surya, the first indigenous Fleet Support Ship, launched?

Correct Answer: C [HSL, Visakhapatnam]

Notes:

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launched Surya (FSS-1) at HSL on 6 October 2026; it leads a five-ship series.

22.  
What is the main job of a Fleet Support Ship?

Correct Answer: C [Refuelling and resupplying warships at sea]

Notes:

Fleet Support Ships keep task groups at sea longer without returning to port (replenishment at sea); they carry a helicopter deck, repair workshops and self-defence systems.

23.  
Roughly what is Surya's displacement?

Correct Answer: D [43,500 tonnes]

Notes:

At 43,500 tonnes Surya is among the largest ships HSL has built; for comparison the carrier INS Vikrant is about 45,000 tonnes.

24.  
Who founded the Visakhapatnam shipyard (today's HSL) in 1941 for the Scindia Steam Navigation Company?

Correct Answer: D [Walchand Hirachand]

Notes:

Walchand Hirachand set it up in 1941; its first ship was Jala Usha (1948). Nationalised in 1961 as Hindustan Shipyard.

25.  
Under the 2023 contract, how many Fleet Support Ships is HSL building?

Correct Answer: A [5]

Notes:

A roughly ₹19,000 crore contract for five FSS was signed in August 2023; at the same event the keel of the fifth (FSS-5) was laid.

26.  
What altitude did DRDO's indigenous High-Altitude Platform System reach in the October 2026 trial?

Correct Answer: A [21 km]

Notes:

On 6 Oct 2026 the HAPS climbed to 21 km above sea level, held about 20 km for over 30 minutes and was recovered safely, streaming live video to the ground station.

27.  
Which DRDO laboratory developed the HAPS?

Correct Answer: C [ADRDE, Agra]

Notes:

The Aerial Delivery R&D Establishment (ADRDE), Agra, handles parachutes and airships. CVRDE at Avadi in Tamil Nadu designed the Arjun tank.

28.  
At 20 km, the HAPS operates in which layer of the atmosphere?

Correct Answer: C [Stratosphere]

Notes:

The stratosphere runs from about 12 to 50 km and holds the ozone layer; with little weather it suits long, satellite-like (pseudo-satellite) surveillance.

29.  
Where did DRDO's Advanced High-Altitude Parachute (AHAP) make its first live jump from 16,000 ft the same week?

Correct Answer: A [Nyoma, Ladakh]

Notes:

AHAP's first live jump was at Nyoma in Ladakh, also home to one of the IAF's highest airfields (Mudh–Nyoma).

30.  
Statements on HAPS – which is/are correct?
1. It is a jet aircraft.
2. It is lighter than air.
3. It can serve surveillance and communications.

Correct Answer: B [2 and 3 only]

Notes:

The HAPS is a lighter-than-air, airship-type platform, not a jet, so only 2 and 3 are correct. In May 2025 DRDO had flown a stratospheric airship to about 17 km at Sheopur (MP).

31.  
Which institute launched the AVNI app to help children learn about plants and crops?

Correct Answer: B [IIT Ropar]

Notes:

IIT Ropar (2008), at Rupnagar in Punjab, launched AVNI in October 2026.

32.  
How does the AVNI app teach?

Correct Answer: C [AI-supported, observation-based activities]

Notes:

Children observe and photograph leaf shape, colour and veins while computer-vision AI helps identify the plant, with human checks to avoid errors.

33.  
In which languages is AVNI available?

Correct Answer: A [Hindi and English]

Notes:

It launched in Hindi and English. The Eighth Schedule lists 22 languages; Tamil became India's first classical language in 2004.

34.  
What is the name of IIT Ropar's Centre of Excellence for AI in agriculture?

Correct Answer: C [ANNAM.AI]

Notes:

ANNAM.AI has set up 100 AI weather stations in Punjab. AgriStack is the farmers' digital registry; Bhashini is a language-translation platform.

35.  
Where is Tamil Nadu Agricultural University located?

Correct Answer: A [Coimbatore]

Notes:

TNAU was formed in Coimbatore in 1971, tracing back to the 1868 Saidapet farm school. Tamil Nadu's 'Uzhavan' farmers' app came in 2018.

36.  
In which city is the 153rd Inter-Parliamentary Union Assembly (5-9 Oct 2026) being held?

Correct Answer: B [Arusha]

Notes:

Arusha, Tanzania, hosts delegates of 183 member parliaments on the theme of good governance through inclusivity, trust and opportunity. Tanzania's capital is Dodoma.

37.  
Who led the Indian parliamentary delegation?

Correct Answer: D [Harivansh, Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha]

Notes:

Harivansh led a nine-member team including Anurag Thakur, Aparajita Sarangi, Sasmit Patra and N.K. Premachandran. The Rajya Sabha's Chairman is Vice-President C.P. Radhakrishnan, from Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu.

38.  
Statements – which is/are correct?
1. Cremer and Passy founded the IPU in 1889.
2. Its HQ is Geneva.
3. It is a UN specialised agency.

Correct Answer: A [1 and 2 only]

Notes:

1 and 2 are correct. The IPU is an independent body with UN observer status, not a specialised agency. Both founders won the Peace Nobel (Passy 1901, Cremer 1903). India joined in 1949.

39.  
In 1964 Tanganyika united with which island to form Tanzania?

Correct Answer: B [Zanzibar]

Notes:

Tanganyika and Zanzibar united as Tanzania on 26 April 1964 under Julius Nyerere. India has long trade ties with this Indian Ocean nation.

40.  
Which is Africa's highest peak, near Arusha?

Correct Answer: A [Kilimanjaro]

Notes:

Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) in Tanzania is a dormant volcano and the world's highest free-standing mountain; Mount Kenya is Africa's second highest.

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