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1.  
In each step one word is placed at the next place from the left in dictionary order; the other words keep their order. The machine stops when the line is in dictionary order. Input: mango apple kiwi cherry banana. What is Step II?

Correct Answer: A [apple banana mango kiwi cherry]

Explanation:

Step I: apple mango kiwi cherry banana.

2.  
For the same input (mango apple kiwi cherry banana) and the same rule, which step is the last step?

Correct Answer: B [Step IV]

Explanation:

Lines: apple mango kiwi cherry banana → apple banana mango kiwi cherry → apple banana cherry mango kiwi → apple banana cherry kiwi mango.

3.  
In each step the smallest remaining number is moved to the extreme left end (the others keep their order). Input: 48 17 63 25 90. What is Step II?

Correct Answer: D [25 17 48 63 90]

Explanation:

Step I: 17 48 63 25 90; Step II: 25 goes to the extreme left → 25 17 48 63 90 (Mirror Stack).

4.  
In each step the largest remaining number is placed at the next place from the left; the others keep their order. Input: 35 82 14 67 51. What is Step III?

Correct Answer: C [82 67 51 35 14]

Explanation:

Direct Jump: 82 67 51 + the rest in input order (35 14) → 82 67 51 35 14.

5.  
Step I: the digits of each number are interchanged. Step II: 9 is subtracted from each number. Input: 23 41 57 86. What is Step II?

Correct Answer: C [23 5 66 59]

Explanation:

Step I: 32 14 75 68; Step II: 23 5 66 59.

6.  
Step I: each word is written in reverse. Step II: each letter is replaced by the next letter of the English alphabet. Input: pen ink cup. What is Step II?

Correct Answer: B [ofq loj qvd]

Explanation:

Step I: nep kni puc; Step II: ofq loj qvd.

7.  
True or false? "A left-block machine with 7 elements can never need more than 6 steps."

Correct Answer: A [True]

Explanation:

The last element falls into place by itself (Last Falls Free): at most n − 1 = 6 steps.

8.  
Fill in the blank: in a stack machine that moves the smallest remaining number to the extreme left, the final line is in ____ order.

Correct Answer: A [descending]

Explanation:

The picks pile up in reverse: the last pick (largest) stands first → descending.

9.  
In each step one word is placed at the next place from the left in dictionary order; the other words keep their order. The machine stops when the line is in dictionary order. Input: ball cat dog apple egg. How many steps does the machine need?

Correct Answer: D [1]

Explanation:

Step I: apple ball cat dog egg – already in dictionary order, so only one step (tail 'ball cat dog egg' keeps its order).

10.  
Match: (i) left block (ii) stack (iii) two ends (iv) transformation ; (p) every element changes in every step (q) k-th pick goes to the extreme left (r) k-th pick goes to place k from the left (s) words from one end, numbers from the other

Correct Answer: A [i-r, ii-q, iii-s, iv-p]

Explanation:

Left block = place k; stack = extreme left; two ends = words one side, numbers the other; transformation = every element changes.

11.  
In each step one word is placed at the next place from the left in dictionary order; the other words keep their order. The machine stops when the line is in dictionary order. Input: lamp desk sofa bed. Odd one out – which line is NOT the input or a step of this machine?

Correct Answer: A [bed desk sofa lamp]

Explanation:

Lines: lamp desk sofa bed → bed lamp desk sofa → bed desk lamp sofa.

12.  
In each step the smallest remaining number is placed at the next place from the left; the others keep their order. Input: 91 45 62 74 18 37. Which number is 3rd from the right in Step III?

Correct Answer: C [91]

Explanation:

Step III (Direct Jump) = 18 37 45 + the rest in input order → 18 37 45 91 62 74; 3rd from the right = 91.

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