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1.  
Integrated circuits (ICs) were first used as the main component in which generation?

Correct Answer: C [Third]

Explanation:

Ladder: V(1) T(2) I(3) M(4) A(5) – ICs are third.

2.  
Which of the following is a microprocessor (not a complete computer) and marks the fourth generation?

Correct Answer: E [Intel 4004]

Explanation:

The Intel 4004 was the first commercial microprocessor; the others are complete computers.

3.  
India's PARAM series of supercomputers was developed by:

Correct Answer: A [C-DAC]

Explanation:

PARAM supercomputers come from C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing).

4.  
A bank needs one computer that can handle thousands of users and bulk transactions at the same time. It should choose a:

Correct Answer: D [Mainframe]

Explanation:

Mainframes are built for many simultaneous users and huge transaction volumes; supercomputers are for fast calculation.

5.  
ENIAC belongs to which generation of computers?

Correct Answer: B [First]

Explanation:

ENIAC used vacuum tubes – first generation.

6.  
Programming in assembly language became common in which generation?

Correct Answer: E [Second]

Explanation:

First generation used machine language; assembly language came with the second (transistor) generation.

7.  
The ability of a computer to work for hours without tiredness or loss of accuracy is called:

Correct Answer: C [Diligence]

Explanation:

Diligence = no tiredness, no loss of concentration.

8.  
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a computer?

Correct Answer: B [Own intelligence (IQ)]

Explanation:

A computer has no IQ; it follows the program (GIGO).

9.  
4,500 nanoseconds are equal to:

Correct Answer: A [4.5 microseconds]

Explanation:

1 µs = 1,000 ns, so 4,500 ns = 4.5 µs.

10.  
Which shows integration scales in increasing order of the number of components per chip?

Correct Answer: D [SSI < MSI < LSI < VLSI]

Explanation:

SSI → MSI → LSI → VLSI (then ULSI).

11.  
Which of these is the standard example of a hybrid computer?

Correct Answer: D [ICU patient-monitoring system]

Explanation:

It senses continuous signals (analog) and processes/shows them digitally.

12.  
Which of the following is a special-purpose computer?

Correct Answer: E [Washing-machine controller]

Explanation:

A washing-machine controller does only one fixed job; the others run many kinds of programs.

13.  
Ada Lovelace is remembered for:

Correct Answer: B [first published algorithm for a machine]

Explanation:

She wrote the first published algorithm, for Babbage's Analytical Engine.

14.  
Software that is permanently stored in a hardware chip, such as the start-up program in ROM, is called:

Correct Answer: C [Firmware]

Explanation:

Firmware = software held permanently in ROM/flash chips.

15.  
Which unit of the CPU fetches an instruction, decodes it and directs the other units?

Correct Answer: A [Control Unit]

Explanation:

CU Commands, ALU Calculates – fetch/decode/direct is the CU.

16.  
Which device was controlled by punched cards and inspired later punched-card computing?

Correct Answer: D [Jacquard loom]

Explanation:

Jacquard's loom wove patterns from punched cards.

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