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1.  
At which OSI layer does a router mainly work?

Correct Answer: B [Network layer]

Explanation:

Routers forward packets using IP addresses → layer 3, Network.

2.  
A switch uses which address to forward a frame?

Correct Answer: C [MAC address]

Explanation:

Switches learn MAC addresses (layer 2).

3.  
How many cables are needed to connect 7 computers in a full mesh topology?

Correct Answer: D [21]

Explanation:

n(n − 1)/2 = 7 × 6 / 2 = 21.

4.  
The IP address 200.15.32.8 belongs to which class?

Correct Answer: A [C]

Explanation:

First octet 200 lies in 192–223 → class C.

5.  
Which port is used by Telnet?

Correct Answer: E [23]

Explanation:

Telnet 23; SSH 22; FTP 21; SMTP 25; DNS 53.

6.  
Which protocol is connectionless and does not guarantee delivery?

Correct Answer: E [UDP]

Explanation:

UDP is connectionless; TCP is connection-oriented and reliable.

7.  
Which of these IP addresses is a private address?

Correct Answer: B [172.25.10.4]

Explanation:

Private ranges: 10.x, 172.16–172.31, 192.168.x.

8.  
How many usable host addresses does a /28 network have?

Correct Answer: A [14]

Explanation:

2^(32 − 28) − 2 = 16 − 2 = 14.

9.  
Which OSI layer is responsible for encryption, compression and translation of data formats?

Correct Answer: D [Presentation layer]

Explanation:

Presentation layer (6).

10.  
Which data unit is handled at the Data link layer?

Correct Answer: C [frame]

Explanation:

Bits (1) – Frames (2) – Packets (3) – Segments (4).

11.  
Which e-mail protocol keeps the mail on the server and synchronises it across all the user's devices?

Correct Answer: A [IMAP]

Explanation:

IMAP mirrors the mailbox; POP3 downloads to one device.

12.  
A private network of a bank, built with Internet technology and opened only to its employees, is called:

Correct Answer: B [Intranet]

Explanation:

Intranet = insiders; extranet = selected outsiders too.

13.  
A MAC address is how many bits long?

Correct Answer: D [48]

Explanation:

48 bits, written as 6 pairs of hex digits.

14.  
In the URL https://www.example.in/loans/home.html, the top-level domain is:

Correct Answer: E [.in]

Explanation:

Read the host from the right: .in is the country-code TLD.

15.  
Match the device with the OSI layer at which it mainly works, or its role:
List I: (a) Repeater; (b) Bridge; (c) Router; (d) Gateway
List II: (1) Data link; (2) translates between different protocols; (3) Network; (4) Physical

Correct Answer: C [a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2]

Explanation:

Repeater–Physical, Bridge–Data link, Router–Network, Gateway–protocol translation.

16.  
Which command-line tool uses ICMP echo messages to test whether a host can be reached?

Correct Answer: C [ping]

Explanation:

ping sends ICMP echo requests.

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