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1.  
In a relational database, a row of a table is also called a:

Correct Answer: A [tuple]

Explanation:

Row = tuple = record; column = attribute = field.

2.  
The number of columns (attributes) in a relation is called its:

Correct Answer: C [degree]

Explanation:

Degree = columns; cardinality = rows.

3.  
Which SQL command belongs to DDL?

Correct Answer: B [CREATE]

Explanation:

CREATE defines structure → DDL.

4.  
Which command is used to give a user permission on a table?

Correct Answer: D [GRANT]

Explanation:

GRANT (DCL) gives permissions; REVOKE takes them back.

5.  
A key that uniquely identifies each row, cannot be NULL and is only one per table is the:

Correct Answer: A [primary key]

Explanation:

Primary key = unique + NOT NULL + one per table.

6.  
An attribute in one table that refers to the primary key of another table is a:

Correct Answer: B [foreign key]

Explanation:

Foreign key links two tables.

7.  
Who is responsible for the overall control, security and backup of a database?

Correct Answer: D [Database Administrator (DBA)]

Explanation:

The DBA manages the database.

8.  
Which of these is a relational DBMS?

Correct Answer: C [MySQL]

Explanation:

MySQL is an RDBMS; Linux is an OS.

9.  
Which command makes the changes of a transaction permanent?

Correct Answer: B [COMMIT]

Explanation:

COMMIT (TCL) saves the transaction.

10.  
In an ER diagram, a relationship set is drawn as a:

Correct Answer: C [diamond]

Explanation:

Rectangle entity · ellipse attribute · diamond relationship.

11.  
What does the 'A' in ACID stand for?

Correct Answer: A [Atomicity]

Explanation:

Atomicity – all or nothing.

12.  
'Data about data' – such as column names and data types – is called:

Correct Answer: D [metadata]

Explanation:

Metadata is stored in the data dictionary.

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