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1.  
Stretch – The Gray code of binary 1101 is:

Correct Answer: E [1011]

Explanation:

First bit 1; then 1⊕1 = 0, 1⊕0 = 1, 0⊕1 = 1 → 1011.

2.  
The Excess-3 code of decimal 58 is:

Correct Answer: A [1000 1011]

Explanation:

5 + 3 = 8 → 1000; 8 + 3 = 11 → 1011.

3.  
Which gate has the output signature 1000 for inputs 00, 01, 10, 11?

Correct Answer: C [NOR]

Explanation:

Output 1 only for 00 → NOR.

4.  
In 8-bit 2's complement, which addition causes overflow?

Correct Answer: D [100 + 30]

Explanation:

100 + 30 = 130 > 127; the others stay within −128 … 127.

5.  
7C₁₆ + 4E₁₆ = ?

Correct Answer: C [CA]

Explanation:

C + E = 26 = 1A₁₆ (write A, carry 1); 7 + 4 + 1 = 12 = C → CA.

6.  
The next number after 1F7₁₆ in hexadecimal counting is:

Correct Answer: A [1F8]

Explanation:

7 + 1 = 8 → 1F8.

7.  
Which of the following is the largest?

Correct Answer: B [11111111₂]

Explanation:

255 vs 254, 254, 253, 252 → 11111111₂ = 255.

8.  
How many bits are needed to write decimal 1,000 in binary?

Correct Answer: E [10]

Explanation:

512 ≤ 1000 < 1024 → 10 bits.

9.  
Lower-case 'k' has ASCII code 107. What is the ASCII code of upper-case 'K'?

Correct Answer: E [75]

Explanation:

Upper = lower − 32 → 75.

10.  
234₈ + 1A₁₆, written in decimal, is:

Correct Answer: B [182]

Explanation:

234₈ = 2×64 + 3×8 + 4 = 156; 1A₁₆ = 26; 156 + 26 = 182.

11.  
Odd one out (by value):

Correct Answer: C [100₁₆]

Explanation:

100₁₆ = 256; the others all equal 255.

12.  
Consider the following statements:
I. 11011₂ = 33₈
II. 1C₁₆ = 27₁₀
III. 33₈ = 1B₁₆
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: D [Only I and III]

Explanation:

11011₂ = 27 = 33₈ = 1B₁₆ (I and III true); 1C₁₆ = 28 ≠ 27 (II false).

13.  
1101₂ × 1011₂ = ?

Correct Answer: A [10001111]

Explanation:

13 × 11 = 143 = 10001111.

14.  
How many 1s are there in the binary form of decimal 2023?

Correct Answer: D [9]

Explanation:

2023 = 11111100111₂ → nine 1s.

15.  
For Y = (A·B) + C', in how many of the 8 input combinations of A, B, C is Y = 1?

Correct Answer: C [5]

Explanation:

C' = 1 for the 4 rows with C = 0; plus A·B = 1 with C = 1 (1 row) → 5.

16.  
The Boolean expression A + A·B simplifies to:

Correct Answer: D [A]

Explanation:

Absorption law: A + A·B = A.

17.  
The range of a 16-bit integer stored in 2's complement is:

Correct Answer: E [−32,768 to +32,767]

Explanation:

−2¹⁵ to 2¹⁵ − 1.

18.  
Match the code with its feature:
List I: (a) ASCII; (b) EBCDIC; (c) Gray code; (d) BCD
List II: (1) 4 bits for each decimal digit; (2) 7 bits, 128 characters; (3) consecutive values differ in one bit; (4) 8-bit code of IBM mainframes

Correct Answer: A [a-2, b-4, c-3, d-1]

Explanation:

ASCII 7-bit; EBCDIC IBM 8-bit; Gray one-bit change; BCD per digit.

19.  
Using ASCII, what is the sum of the codes of the letters of the word BANK?

Correct Answer: B [284]

Explanation:

B 66 + A 65 + N 78 + K 75 = 284.

20.  
653₈ in hexadecimal is:

Correct Answer: D [1AB]

Explanation:

653₈ = 110 101 011 → 0001 1010 1011 → 1AB.

21.  
A three-input XOR gate (A ⊕ B ⊕ C) gives output 1 for how many of the 8 input combinations?

Correct Answer: C [4]

Explanation:

Output 1 when the number of 1s is odd: 001, 010, 100, 111 → 4.

22.  
Consider the following statements:
I. A NAND gate followed by a NOT gate behaves as an AND gate.
II. A NOR gate with both inputs tied together works as a NOT gate.
III. XOR is a universal gate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: B [Only I and II]

Explanation:

I and II true; III false – only NAND and NOR are universal.

23.  
A half adder receives A = 1, B = 1. Its outputs are:

Correct Answer: B [Sum 0, Carry 1]

Explanation:

Sum = 1 XOR 1 = 0; Carry = 1 AND 1 = 1.

24.  
What is the largest unsigned number that can be stored in 9 bits?

Correct Answer: A [511]

Explanation:

2⁹ − 1 = 511.

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