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1.  
A user types the correct address of his bank's website but is taken to a fake site because the DNS record was poisoned. This is:

Correct Answer: E [Pharming]

Explanation:

Pharming redirects even when the right address is typed.

2.  
According to the Ministry of Home Affairs (box in Section 9.7), which toll-free number gives help in lodging online cyber-crime complaints?

Correct Answer: C [1930]

Explanation:

1930 is the national cyber-crime helpline; complaints can also be filed at cybercrime.gov.in.

3.  
A phishing e-mail aimed specifically at a bank's Chief Financial Officer is called:

Correct Answer: A [Whaling]

Explanation:

Whaling targets top executives.

4.  
Section 66A of the IT Act, 2000 (punishment for sending 'offensive' messages) was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015 in the case:

Correct Answer: B [Shreya Singhal v. Union of India]

Explanation:

Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, 24 March 2015 – Section 66A is void.

5.  
Which law, enacted by Parliament in August 2023, deals with the protection of digital personal data in India?

Correct Answer: D [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023]

Explanation:

The DPDP Act, 2023; its rules were notified in November 2025.

6.  
A digital signature is created using the:

Correct Answer: E [sender's private key]

Explanation:

Sign with your own private key; others verify with your public key.

7.  
A DDoS attack mainly affects which goal of security?

Correct Answer: A [Availability]

Explanation:

Flooding stops genuine users → availability.

8.  
Which of the following is a hash function rather than an encryption algorithm?

Correct Answer: B [SHA-256]

Explanation:

SHA-256 gives a one-way fixed-length digest.

9.  
How many different 6-digit OTPs (000000 to 999999) are possible?

Correct Answer: D [10,00,000]

Explanation:

10⁶ = 10,00,000 (0–9 in each of 6 places).

10.  
Stretch – With a Caesar cipher of shift 3, the word CARD is encrypted as:

Correct Answer: C [FDUG]

Explanation:

C→F, A→D, R→U, D→G.

11.  
Under the IT Act, 2000, cheating by personation using a computer resource is covered by Section:

Correct Answer: E [66D]

Explanation:

66C identity theft; 66D personation; 66E privacy; 66F terrorism.

12.  
Which device or software detects suspicious activity and also blocks it automatically?

Correct Answer: D [IPS]

Explanation:

IDS only detects and alerts; IPS detects and prevents.

13.  
Which security term means that the sender cannot later deny having sent a message?

Correct Answer: A [Non-repudiation]

Explanation:

Digital signatures give non-repudiation.

14.  
Odd one out:

Correct Answer: C [Firewall]

Explanation:

Firewall is a defence; the others are attacks.

15.  
Hiding a secret message inside an ordinary image file so that no one suspects it exists is called:

Correct Answer: B [steganography]

Explanation:

Steganography hides; cryptography scrambles.

16.  
Match the malware with its behaviour:
List I: (a) Worm; (b) Spyware; (c) Rootkit; (d) Adware
List II: (1) shows advertisements; (2) collects information secretly; (3) hidden administrator control; (4) self-replicates over network

Correct Answer: C [a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1]

Explanation:

Worm spreads itself; spyware collects; rootkit hides with admin control; adware shows ads.

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