Indian Polity PYQ – Judiciary – Part 1 (Q 1–30)

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Indian Polity PYQ – Judiciary – Part 1 (Q 1–30) – 30 questions, subject: Polity. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  
VAS AHGS – 2020
The National Judicial Appointments Commission Act was passed on

Correct Answer: A [31st December 2014]

Explanation:

The National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014 received Presidential assent on 31 December 2014 along with the 99th Amendment.

2.  
GSCE – 2021
The Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President in consultation with

Correct Answer: B [CJI-led Collegium]

Explanation:

Under Article 124(2), the President appoints Supreme Court judges on the recommendation of the Collegium headed by the Chief Justice of India.

3.  
Which of the following is the High Court for Maharashtra and Goa?

Correct Answer: B [Mumbai (Bombay) High Court]

Explanation:

The Bombay (Mumbai) High Court is the common High Court for Maharashtra and Goa, with a bench at Panaji.

4.  
GROUP 1 – 2021
Consider the following statements. A High Court has jurisdiction to
(1) Punish for its contempt
(2) Tender advice on a legal question referred by the President of India
(3) Tender advice on a legal question referred by the Governor of the State
(4) Issue certain writs to protect fundamental rights
Which of the above statement(s) is / are correct?

Correct Answer: A [(1) and (4) only]

Explanation:

A High Court can punish for its own contempt (Article 215) as a court of record, but it does not give advisory opinions to the President, so statements (1) and (4) are correct.

5.  
PSY – 2022
The retirement age of a High Court judge is

Correct Answer: C [62]

Explanation:

Under Article 217(1), a High Court judge retires at 62 years, while a Supreme Court judge retires at 65.

6.  
EO G4 – 2022
In which year was the e-Courts project established?

Correct Answer: D [2005]

Explanation:

The e-Courts project was conceived in 2005 on the basis of the National Policy and Action Plan for implementing ICT in the Indian judiciary.

7.  
DPSP – 2022
Which among the following Articles of the Indian Constitution deal with the Supreme Court of India?

Correct Answer: C [Articles 124 to 147]

Explanation:

Articles 124 to 147 in Part V, Chapter IV deal with the Supreme Court of India.

8.  
EO – 2022
Which of the following statements are true about Judicial Review?
(i) The doctrine of judicial review originated and developed in the U.K.
(ii) The Constitution of India confers the power of judicial review on the judiciary.
(iii) The power of judicial review cannot be curtailed even by a constitutional amendment.

Correct Answer: B [(ii) and (iii) are true]

Explanation:

Judicial review originated in the USA (Marbury v. Madison, 1803), not Britain, so statement (i) is false, while statements (ii) and (iii) are true.

9.  
Choose the right answer / answers about the Supreme Court of India.
(i) The Supreme Court is the upholder of the Constitution of India.
(ii) The judges of the Supreme Court hold office till the age of seventy-two.
(iii) The Indian judicial system consists of a single hierarchy of courts.
(iv) The Supreme Court of India was constituted in January 1950.

Correct Answer: D [(i), (iii) and (iv) only]

Explanation:

The Supreme Court is the guardian of the Constitution and part of an integrated judiciary; its judges retire at 65, not other ages, so (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

10.  
GROUP 2 – 2022
The term "Judicial Activism" was introduced in

Correct Answer: C [America]

Explanation:

The term judicial activism was coined in America by the historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. in 1947.

11.  
SURVEYOR DRAUGHTSMAN – 2022
Which High Court is the biggest High Court in India?

Correct Answer: C [Allahabad]

Explanation:

The Allahabad High Court is India's largest High Court, with the greatest sanctioned strength of judges.

12.  
Which of the following is considered as the Guardian of the Constitution?

Correct Answer: D [Supreme Court]

Explanation:

The Supreme Court is the guardian of the Constitution, as the final interpreter that can strike down unconstitutional laws through judicial review.

13.  
CBT – 2022
Which Article of the Indian Constitution says, "There shall be a High Court for each State"?

Correct Answer: A [Art. 214]

Explanation:

Article 214 declares that there shall be a High Court for each State.

14.  
The constitutional amendment which provides for a common High Court for two or more states is

Correct Answer: A [7th Amendment Act 1956]

Explanation:

The 7th Amendment Act, 1956 inserted Article 231, allowing a common High Court for two or more states or Union Territories.

15.  
TNPSC – 2022
Originally which country used the concept of "Public Interest Litigation"?

Correct Answer: A [United States of America (USA)]

Explanation:

Public Interest Litigation originated in the United States in the 1960s, in the civil rights era, to represent unrepresented interests.

16.  
VAGS – 2022
The retirement age of a Supreme Court judge is

Correct Answer: C [65 years]

Explanation:

Under Article 124(2), a Supreme Court judge holds office until the age of 65.

17.  
GROUP 4 – 2022
Which one of the following Articles empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to issue writs?

Correct Answer: D [Article 32 and Article 226]

Explanation:

Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court and Article 226 empowers the High Courts to issue writs.

18.  
Which among the following is / are correct about the Judiciary in India?
(i) India has borrowed the concept of Judicial Review from the USA.
(ii) Both the federal and State laws can be subjected to Judicial Review by the Supreme Court.
(iii) Article 13B of the Constitution saves the Acts from Judicial Review.

Correct Answer: A [(i) and (ii) only]

Explanation:

India borrowed judicial review from the USA and both Union and state laws are subject to it, so statements (i) and (ii) are correct.

19.  
LIBRARY SCIENCE – 2023
The concept of Public Interest Litigation has its origin in the

Correct Answer: A [United States of America]

Explanation:

The concept of Public Interest Litigation originated in the United States in the 1960s.

20.  
CESGS – 2023
A dispute between two States of India comes to the Supreme Court under:

Correct Answer: B [Original jurisdiction]

Explanation:

A dispute between two states comes directly to the Supreme Court under its original jurisdiction, Article 131.

21.  
GROUP 3A – 2023
The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by

Correct Answer: A [The President of India]

Explanation:

Under Article 124(2), the Chief Justice and judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India by warrant under his hand and seal.

22.  
FISHERY DEPT – 2023
Which Article of the Constitution of India confers the special leave petition power on the Supreme Court?

Correct Answer: A [Art. 136]

Explanation:

Article 136 gives the Supreme Court power to grant special leave to appeal from any court or tribunal in India, except those under armed forces law.

23.  
VETERINARY ASSISTANT – 2023
Which of the following is / are not a requirement to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court?
(i) Should be a citizen of India
(ii) Should have worked as a judge for 5 years in one or more High Courts in succession
(iii) Should have worked as an advocate for 15 years in one or more High Courts in succession

Correct Answer: D [(iii) only]

Explanation:

Article 124(3) requires ten years as a High Court advocate, not fifteen, so the fifteen-year requirement in (iii) is not needed.

24.  
GROUP 1C (DEO) – 2023
The supremacy of the Constitution is maintained by

Correct Answer: A [Independent Judiciary]

Explanation:

An independent judiciary maintains the supremacy of the Constitution by striking down laws and orders that violate it through judicial review.

25.  
Assertion [A]: Judicial activism is inherent in judicial review.
Reason [R]: The scope of judicial review has extended beyond the domain of rights to include executive policies and legislative inaction.

Correct Answer: B [Both [A] and [R] are true, and [R] is the correct explanation of [A]]

Explanation:

Courts act actively by using the power of judicial review, and its scope has widened beyond mere law-checking, so judicial activism is inherent in it.

26.  
Appeals from the Federal Court of India established by the Government of India Act, 1935 were taken by

Correct Answer: D [Privy Council]

Explanation:

Appeals from the Federal Court of India (set up under the 1935 Act) lay to the Privy Council in England.

27.  
AJ – 2023
Which of the following is the guardian of Fundamental Rights?

Correct Answer: D [Supreme Court of India]

Explanation:

Since Article 32 allows direct approach to the Supreme Court for enforcing Fundamental Rights, it is regarded as their guardian.

28.  
COMBINED RESEARCH ASSISTANT – 2023
Which of the following come under the purview of an Independent Judiciary?
(i) Judges have security of service and salaries
(ii) The judges are appointed by the President based on merit
(iii) The salaries and allowances of the judges are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India

Correct Answer: D [(i), (ii) and (iii)]

Explanation:

Security of tenure and salary, removal only by Parliament's special majority and the other safeguards listed all support judicial independence, so (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.

29.  
HINDU RELIGIOUS EO G1 – 2024
Which of the following does not come under the subordinate courts of the States?

Correct Answer: B [Consumer courts]

Explanation:

State subordinate courts are civil, criminal and revenue courts; consumer courts are quasi-judicial forums under a separate Act.

30.  
COMBINED ACCOUNTS SERVICES (TN TREASURIES) – 2024
Fast Track Courts have been set up on the recommendation of the

Correct Answer: A [Eleventh Finance Commission]

Explanation:

Fast Track Courts were set up on the recommendation of the Eleventh Finance Commission to reduce pending cases, especially of undertrial prisoners.

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