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1.  
If an article is sold at a 6% gain instead of a 4% loss, the seller gets ₹ 150 more. The cost price is:

Correct Answer: A [₹ 1,500]

Explanation:

6 − (−4) = 10% of CP = 150 → CP = ₹ 1,500.

2.  
A shopkeeper allows a 25% discount and still gains 20%. By what percentage is the marked price above the cost price?

Correct Answer: E [60%]

Explanation:

MP : CP = 120 : 75 = 1.6 → 60% above CP.

3.  
A refrigerator is marked ₹ 6,000. Successive discounts of 20%, 10% and 5% are given. The selling price is:

Correct Answer: D [₹ 4,104]

Explanation:

6,000 × 0.8 × 0.9 × 0.95 = 6,000 × 0.684 = ₹ 4,104.

4.  
A dealer sells at 4% below cost price but uses an 800 g weight for 1 kg. His gain percentage is:

Correct Answer: B [20%]

Explanation:

0.96/0.8 = 1.2 → 20% gain.

5.  
Oranges are bought at 8 for ₹ 6 and sold at 6 for ₹ 6. The profit percentage is:

Correct Answer: C [33 1/3%]

Explanation:

CP of one = 0.75, SP = 1 → 1/0.75 = 4/3 → 33 1/3%.

6.  
Two wall clocks are sold at ₹ 2,346 each, one at a 15% profit and the other at a 15% loss. The overall loss is:

Correct Answer: A [₹ 108]

Explanation:

CPs 2,040 and 2,760 → total 4,800 vs SP 4,692 → loss ₹ 108 (15²/100 = 2.25%).

7.  
A manufacturer, a wholesaler and a retailer gain 20%, 15% and 25% respectively. A customer pays ₹ 4,140. The manufacturer's cost is:

Correct Answer: C [₹ 2,400]

Explanation:

4,140 ÷ (1.2 × 1.15 × 1.25) = 4,140 ÷ 1.725 = ₹ 2,400.

8.  
A trader sells 25% of his stock at a 12% loss. At what profit percentage must he sell the rest to gain 15% on the whole stock?

Correct Answer: D [24%]

Explanation:

0.25 × (−12) + 0.75x = 15 → 0.75x = 18 → x = 24%.

9.  
On selling 30 articles a shopkeeper gains the selling price of 5 articles. His profit percentage is:

Correct Answer: E [20%]

Explanation:

CP of 30 = SP of 25 → profit = 5/25 = 20%.

10.  
Quantity I: the single discount equal to successive discounts of 25% and 20% (in %)
Quantity II: the profit percentage when the CP of 14 articles equals the SP of 10 articles

Correct Answer: E [Quantity I = Quantity II or relation cannot be established]

Explanation:

I: 0.75 × 0.8 = 0.6 → 40. II: 4/10 = 40%.

11.  
What is the cost price of the article?
I. It is sold at a profit of 20%.
II. It is sold for ₹ 900.

Correct Answer: D [Both statements together are needed]

Explanation:

I gives only a percentage, II only the SP.

12.  
Trick Spotter: an article is marked 30% above CP and sold at a 10% discount. The fastest correct way to find the profit % is:

Correct Answer: B [30 − 10 − (30 × 10)/100 = 17%]

Explanation:

Mark-up Discount Grid: m − d − md/100 = 17%.

13.  
Spot My Mistake: "An article marked ₹ 5,000 gets successive discounts of 10% and 20%, so the total discount is 30% and the SP is ₹ 3,500." Which statement is correct?

Correct Answer: B [The discounts multiply: 0.9 × 0.8 = 0.72, so SP = ₹ 3,600]

Explanation:

Successive discounts: 5,000 × 0.72 = ₹ 3,600 (28% off).

14.  
Which of the following is/are correct?
I. Discount percentage is calculated on the marked price.
II. Profit percentage is calculated on the selling price.
III. "Buy 3, get 1 free" is a 25% discount.

Correct Answer: C [Only I and III]

Explanation:

I ✓. II ✗ – profit % is on CP.

15.  
A dealer gets 1,200 g for the price of 1 kg when buying and gives only 800 g for 1 kg when selling, charging the cost price of 1 kg. His gain percentage is:

Correct Answer: B [50%]

Explanation:

Goods 1,200 g bought for the money of 1 kg are sold as 1,200/800 = 1.5 kg → 1.2/0.8 = 1.5 → 50%.

16.  
Reverse question: a trader gives an 8% discount and gains 15%. If the cost price is ₹ 1,600, the marked price is:

Correct Answer: D [₹ 2,000]

Explanation:

SP = 1,600 × 1.15 = 1,840 → MP = 1,840/0.92 = ₹ 2,000.

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