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1.  
An article is sold at a profit of 20%. Had it been bought for 20% less and sold for ₹ 75 less, the profit would have been 25%. Its cost price is:

Correct Answer: C [₹ 375]

Explanation:

First SP = 1.2c; new SP = 1.25 × 0.8c = c → 0.2c = 75 → c = ₹ 375.

2.  
A dealer marks his goods 40% above cost price, allows a 10% discount and uses a 900 g weight for 1 kg. His gain percentage is:

Correct Answer: A [40%]

Explanation:

Money for "1 kg" = 1.4 × 0.9 = 1.26; goods cost 0.9 → 1.26/0.9 = 1.4 → 40%.

3.  
A sells a bicycle to B at a 20% gain and B sells it to C at a 10% loss. If C pays ₹ 2,700, A's cost price is:

Correct Answer: B [₹ 2,500]

Explanation:

2,700 ÷ (1.2 × 0.9) = 2,700 ÷ 1.08 = ₹ 2,500.

4.  
Successive discounts of 20% and x% are equal to a single discount of 32%. The value of x is:

Correct Answer: E [15]

Explanation:

0.8(1 − x/100) = 0.68 → 1 − x/100 = 0.85 → x = 15.

5.  
A trader's profit is 20% of the selling price. What is his profit as a percentage of the cost price?

Correct Answer: A [25%]

Explanation:

Profit = 0.2 SP → CP = 0.8 SP → 0.2/0.8 = 25%.

6.  
Two articles together cost ₹ 5,000. One is sold at a 15% profit and the other at a 10% loss, and there is no overall profit or loss. The cost price of the first article is:

Correct Answer: B [₹ 2,000]

Explanation:

0.15a = 0.10(5,000 − a) → 0.25a = 500 → a = ₹ 2,000.

7.  
Quantity I: the profit % when an article is marked 60% above cost and sold at a 25% discount
Quantity II: the gain % of a dealer who sells at cost price using an 840 g weight for 1 kg

Correct Answer: A [Quantity I > Quantity II]

Explanation:

I: 1.6 × 0.75 = 1.2 → 20%.

8.  
A vendor buys 120 eggs for ₹ 720. Ten eggs break, and he sells the rest at ₹ 7.20 each. His profit percentage is:

Correct Answer: C [10%]

Explanation:

SP = 110 × 7.20 = 792 → profit 72 on 720 → 10%.

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