Indian Economy Textbook Questions – Human Development: Concept and HDI · UNDP Composite Indices (GDI, GII, IHDI, MPI, PHDI) · PQLI and Other Indices · India in the Human Development Reports · Inter-State Comparison (SDG India Index, Health Index, MPI) · Tamil Nadu Human Development Reports · Tamil Nadu and India Compared (Part 2)
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TN: Tendulkar 2011-12 = 11.28%; MPI 2019-21 = 2.20%, 2022-23 = 1.43%. India: MPI 2019-21 = 14.96%, 2022-23 = 11.28%; Tendulkar = 21.9%.
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Indian Economy Textbook Questions – Human Development: Concept and HDI · UNDP Composite Indices (GDI, GII, IHDI, MPI, PHDI) · PQLI and Other Indices · India in the Human Development Reports · Inter-State Comparison (SDG India Index, Health Index, MPI) · Tamil Nadu Human Development Reports · Tamil Nadu and India Compared (Part 2) – 20 questions, subject: Economy. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.
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1.
As per HDR 2025, which statements about India’s neighbours are correct?
- Bangladesh and India share the same HDI value and rank.
- Sri Lanka is in the “high human development” group.
- Pakistan is in the “medium human development” group.
Correct Answer: A [1, 2 only]
Explanation:
Bangladesh 0.685, joint 130th; Sri Lanka 0.776 (89th) is high; Pakistan 0.544 (below 0.550) is low, so statement 3 is wrong.
2.
Assertion (A): As per HDR 2025, India has the highest HDI among the five original BRICS countries.
Reason (R): India’s average annual HDI growth in 1990–2023 (1.31%) is higher than that of Brazil, Russia and South Africa.
Correct Answer: D []
Explanation:
A is false: India (0.685, rank 130) is last of the five, Russia (0.832) first. R is true: India 1.31% vs Brazil 0.62%, Russia 0.27%, South Africa 0.48%.
3.
As per the National MPI 2023 (2019-21), match the state with its multidimensional poverty headcount ratio:
| a. Bihar | 1. 2.20% |
| b. Kerala | 2. 33.76% |
| c. Tamil Nadu | 3. 22.93% |
| d. Uttar Pradesh | 4. 0.55% |
Correct Answer: C [2 4 1 3]
Explanation:
Bihar 33.76% (highest), Kerala 0.55% (lowest), Tamil Nadu 2.20%, Uttar Pradesh 22.93%.
4.
Which statements about NITI Aayog’s Health Index (Healthy States, Progressive India) are correct?
- In Round I, Kerala, Punjab and Tamil Nadu were the top three larger states.
- In Round II, Tamil Nadu slipped to ninth place.
- In Round IV (2019-20), Tamil Nadu ranked first among larger states.
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 only]
Explanation:
Round I (9.2.2018): Kerala, Punjab, TN top three; Round II: TN fell 3 to 9; Round IV: Kerala (82.20) first, TN (72.42) second, so statement 3 is wrong.
5.
Which statements about the Tamil Nadu Human Development Report 2003 are correct?
- It was prepared with the support of UNDP and the Union Planning Commission.
- Tamil Nadu was the second South Indian State to prepare a State Human Development Report.
- Tamil Nadu was the first State in India to publish a State Human Development Report.
Correct Answer: B [1, 2 only]
Explanation:
Made with UNDP and Planning Commission support; TN was the 6th state and 2nd southern state to prepare an SHDR; five states incl. MP came first, so 3 is wrong.
6.
Assertion (A): The Tamil Nadu Human Development Report 2003 gives no HDI value for Ariyalur district.
Reason (R): As no data were available for Ariyalur district, the report computed HDI for only 29 districts.
Correct Answer: A []
Explanation:
TNHDR 2003: Ariyalur was formed in January 2001 (30 districts), but with no data for it HDI covers only 29 districts, so R directly explains A.
7.
Match the Tamil Nadu indicator with its value:
| a. Maternal Mortality Ratio (2021-23) | 1. 1.3 |
| b. Total Fertility Rate (2023) | 2. 996 |
| c. Higher education GER (2021-22) | 3. 35 |
| d. Sex ratio (2011) | 4. 47 |
Correct Answer: A [3 1 4 2]
Explanation:
MMR 35 (SRS 2021-23; 25 in SRS 2022-24), TFR 1.3 (SRS 2023), higher education GER 47 (AISHE 2021-22), sex ratio 996 (Census 2011).
8.
Which statements about Tamil Nadu’s health indicators are correct?
- As per NFHS-5 (2019-21), institutional births in Tamil Nadu are 99.6%.
- Tamil Nadu’s Total Fertility Rate was already below replacement level in 2011.
- As per SRS 2021-23, Tamil Nadu has the lowest Maternal Mortality Ratio in India.
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 only]
Explanation:
NFHS-5 institutional births: TN 99.6%, India 88.6%. TN's TFR was 1.7 by 2011. MMR 2021-23: Kerala, Andhra 30; TN 35. So statement 3 is wrong.
9.
Assertion (A): In UNDP’s view, income growth is a means to development, not an end in itself.
Reason (R): The human development approach aims at expanding the richness of human life, that is, people’s capabilities to be and do what they value, rather than the richness of the economy.
Correct Answer: A []
Explanation:
Both are true; income is treated only as a means because the goal is people's capabilities, so R correctly explains A.
10.
Assertion (A): Since 2010, HDI is calculated as the geometric mean of the three dimension indices.
Reason (R): Under the geometric mean, a shortfall in one dimension is fully compensated by a high value in another.
Correct Answer: C []
Explanation:
A is true (geometric mean since HDR 2010). R is false: geometric mean penalises uneven dimensions; full substitution is the arithmetic mean's flaw.
11.
Under the current UNDP method, if a country’s expected years of schooling is 12.6 and mean years of schooling is 6.0, what is its education index?
Correct Answer: C [0.55]
Explanation:
EYS index = 12.6/18 = 0.70; MYS index = 6.0/15 = 0.40; education index = (0.70 + 0.40)/2 = 0.55 (arithmetic mean since 2014).
12.
As per the 2025 Global MPI (2019/21 data), India’s headcount ratio (H) is 16.4% and intensity (A) is 42.0%. What is India’s MPI value approximately?
Correct Answer: B [0.069]
Explanation:
MPI = H x A = 0.164 x 0.420 = about 0.069; 0.584 is H + A, 0.256 is A - H, and 0.164 is H alone.
13.
Assertion (A): PQLI reflects only physical development, whereas HDI reflects both physical and monetary development.
Reason (R): PQLI uses only life expectancy, infant mortality and literacy; income, which HDI includes, is left out of it.
Correct Answer: A []
Explanation:
Both are true (Class 11 Economics, p. 219); PQLI shows only physical development because income is excluded, so R correctly explains A.
14.
India’s value in the World Bank’s Human Capital Index 2020 is 0.49. What does it mean?
Correct Answer: D [A child born today will be only 49% as productive as she could be with complete education and full health]
Explanation:
HCI 2020: an Indian child will grow up only 49% as productive as with full health and education; HCI is not HDI (India's HDI is 0.685, medium).
15.
HDR 2023/24 gave India’s 2022 HDI as 0.644; HDR 2025 gives 0.676 for the same year 2022. Why?
Correct Answer: A [Each report revises the whole series backwards with new data]
Explanation:
UNDP revises the whole series in each report with new population, PPP and other data (e.g. 2022 life expectancy 67.7 to 71.7); geometric mean dates from 2010.
16.
Assertion (A): In the SDG India Index 2023-24, Tamil Nadu is in the “Front Runner” category.
Reason (R): In the SDG India Index, only states scoring 100 are called “Front Runners”.
Correct Answer: C []
Explanation:
A is true: Tamil Nadu scored 78; Front Runner is 65-99 (32 States/UTs in 2023-24). R is false: a score of 100 is Achiever.
17.
Which two states jointly scored the highest (79) in the SDG India Index 2023-24?
Correct Answer: C [Kerala and Uttarakhand]
Explanation:
In 2023-24 Kerala and Uttarakhand scored 79 and Tamil Nadu 78; in 2020-21 Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu were joint second with 74.
18.
As per the Tamil Nadu Human Development Report 2003, in how many of the 29 districts was the HDI rank higher than the per capita GDP rank?
Correct Answer: B [14]
Explanation:
TNHDR 2003: 14 districts ranked higher in HDI than in per capita GDP and 15 lower (14 + 15 = 29); income alone does not ensure human development.
19.
Assertion (A): As per SRS 2023, Tamil Nadu’s crude death rate (6.9) is slightly higher than India’s (6.4).
Reason (R): As per SRS 2023, Tamil Nadu’s infant mortality rate is less than half of India’s.
Correct Answer: B []
Explanation:
Both are true (CDR 6.9 vs 6.4; IMR 12 vs 25), but low IMR lowers deaths; TN's higher CDR comes from an older population, so R does not explain A.
20.
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Correct Answer: A [Tamil Nadu income poverty (Tendulkar, 2011-12) – 11.28%]
Explanation:
TN: Tendulkar 2011-12 = 11.28%; MPI 2019-21 = 2.20%, 2022-23 = 1.43%. India: MPI 2019-21 = 14.96%, 2022-23 = 11.28%; Tendulkar = 21.9%.
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Here you get the answer with a one-line explanation. NPSC பொது அறிவு அலகு V — தமிழகப் பொருளாதாரம் முழுவதும் · 10 அத்தியாயங்கள் · 400 பயிற்சி வினாக்கள் விடை + விளக்கத்துடன் · அட்டவணைகள், காலவரிசைகள், மனவரைபடங்கள் · அக்டோபர் 2026 வரையிலான தரவுகள்
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