General Science PYQ – Diseases, Health and Nutrition

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General Science PYQ – Diseases, Health and Nutrition – 42 questions, subject: Science. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  
Fisheries Inspector / SI 2023
The state in which there is an accumulation of excess body fat with an abnormal increase in body weight is called

Correct Answer: C [Obesity]

Explanation:

Excess body fat accumulation with abnormal weight gain is obesity (BMI of 30 or more).

2.  
Asst. Training Officer (Textile) 2023
Which are the statements are true about the insufficient in nutrition and health?
1. Anaemic
2. Underweight
3. Enough micronutrient

Correct Answer: C [1 and 2 only]

Explanation:

Anaemia and underweight are results of insufficient nutrition, whereas enough micronutrients is the opposite, so 1 and 2 are correct.

3.  
Jailor 2023
The main component of the food which helps our body to fight against infections is

Correct Answer: B [Protein]

Explanation:

Antibodies that fight infections are proteins, so protein is the food component that helps fight infection.

4.  
Health Officer 2023
The ideal level of fasting sugar is

Correct Answer: A [<110 mg/dL]

Explanation:

The normal fasting blood sugar level is below 110 mg/dL, and 126 mg/dL or more on two occasions indicates diabetes.

5.  
Group 3A 2023
Identify the incorrectly matched deficiency disorder.

Correct Answer: C [Vitamin B2 – Beriberi]

Explanation:

Beriberi is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, not B2 (which causes ariboflavinosis), so Vitamin B2 - Beriberi is incorrectly matched.

6.  
CTS (ITI Posts) 2025
Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
1. Vitamin B1 – Beriberi
2. Vitamin B6 – Ariboflavinosis
3. Vitamin B2 – Dermatitis
4. Vitamin B3 – Pellagra

Correct Answer: C [[2] and [3] are incorrect]

Explanation:

Ariboflavinosis is due to vitamin B2 deficiency and dermatitis due to B6 deficiency, so pairs 2 and 3 are incorrect.

7.  
Group 2A Mains (Revoked) 2026
Choose the right match
(1) Vitamin K – Blood coagulation
(2) Vitamin B – Scurvy
(3) Vitamin C – Rickets
(4) Vitamin A – Night blindness

Correct Answer: B [(1) and (4) are correct]

Explanation:

Vitamin K is needed for blood clotting and vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, whereas scurvy is due to vitamin C and rickets to vitamin D deficiency.

8.  
AJ 2023
It is a condition in which the Immune system mistakenly attacks body's own cells and tissues. Normally, body has the tolerance against self antigen. However, in some occasions the tolerance fails or becomes incomplete against self antigen. It leads to the activation of T Lymphocytes or production of B Lymphocytes. This disease is produced when body's normal tolerance decreased and the immune system fails to recognize the body's own tissues as "Self".
This passage signifies the following condition:

Correct Answer: B [Auto Immune Disease]

Explanation:

When the immune system wrongly attacks the body's own cells and tissues, the condition is an autoimmune disease.

9.  
Group 4 2022
Cancer of the epithelial cells is called

Correct Answer: C [Carcinoma]

Explanation:

Cancer arising in epithelial cells is called carcinoma, while sarcoma arises in connective tissue and leukemia in blood-forming tissue.

10.  
AAO & AHO 2024
Metastasis is associated with

Correct Answer: A [Malignant tumour]

Explanation:

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to other body parts through blood or lymph, a feature of malignant tumours.

11.  
EO Group VII (HR&CE) 2022
Which of the following is an example of Zoonotic disease?

Correct Answer: C [Rabies]

Explanation:

Rabies is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans from animals such as dogs through bites.

12.  
Group 1B/1C 2024
Match the following:
(a) Air borne diseases – 1. Botulism
(b) Food borne diseases – 2. Tuberculosis
(c) Soil borne diseases – 3. Cholera
(d) Water borne diseases – 4. Tetanus

Correct Answer: A [2 1 4 3]

Explanation:

Tuberculosis is air borne, botulism food borne, tetanus soil borne and cholera water borne, giving 2 1 4 3.

13.  
Veterinary Assistant 2023
Which one of the following is not a bacterial disease?

Correct Answer: D [Mumps]

Explanation:

Mumps is a viral disease caused by a paramyxovirus, whereas gonorrhoea, tuberculosis and bacillary dysentery are bacterial.

14.  
ADGS 2021
Match the following
(a) Bacillary dysentery – 1. Salmonella typhi
(b) Enteric fever – 2. Streptococcus pyogenes
(c) Whooping cough – 3. Bordetella pertussis
(d) Pharyngitis – 4. Shigella species

Correct Answer: C [4 1 3 2]

Explanation:

Bacillary dysentery is caused by Shigella, enteric fever by Salmonella typhi, whooping cough by Bordetella pertussis and sore throat by Streptococcus pyogenes, giving 4 1 3 2.

15.  
Road Inspector 2023 · CTS (Interview Posts) 2024 · Group 1 2024
The Causative Organism Bordetella pertussis affecting the respiratory tract causes _____ disease.

Correct Answer: D [Whooping Cough]

Explanation:

Bordetella pertussis infects the respiratory tract of children and causes whooping cough.

16.  
Executive Officer Gr. IV (HR&CE) 2022 · Hostel Supdt. cum PTO 2024
The primary organ infected during tuberculosis is

Correct Answer: D [Lungs]

Explanation:

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infects the lungs and spreads through cough droplets.

17.  
Group 1 2024
Mantoux test is used for identify _____ Disease.

Correct Answer: B [Tuberculosis]

Explanation:

The Mantoux test injects tuberculin (PPD) under the skin and the swelling after 48-72 hours shows tuberculosis infection.

18.  
AD Town & Country Planning 2022
Woolsorter's disease is caused by

Correct Answer: A [Bacillus anthracis]

Explanation:

Woolsorter's disease is pulmonary anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis spores inhaled by workers handling wool and hides.

19.  
Research Asst. (Animal Husbandry) 2023
Which one of the following bacterium involved for food poisoning?

Correct Answer: D [Clostridium botulinum]

Explanation:

Clostridium botulinum grows in improperly processed canned food and produces botulinum toxin causing severe food poisoning.

20.  
Library Service 2023
The "Bubonic Plague" broke out in Bombay in the year

Correct Answer: A [1896 A.D.]

Explanation:

Bubonic plague, caused by Yersinia pestis and spread by rat fleas, broke out in Bombay in 1896.

21.  
ADGS 2021
The HIV-I (virus) contains two identical molecules of positive sense

Correct Answer: C [ssRNA]

Explanation:

HIV is a retrovirus whose genome consists of two identical molecules of positive-sense single-stranded RNA.

22.  
Special Competitive Exam 2025
Which of the following statement is incorrect for viroids?
1. They lack a protein coat
2. They possess single stranded RNA
3. They cause infections
4. Their RNA has high molecular weight

Correct Answer: A [Statement 4]

Explanation:

Viroids are infectious agents of small, low molecular weight circular single-stranded RNA without a protein coat, so statement 4 is incorrect.

23.  
Group 2A Mains Re-Exam 2026
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) disease is caused by _____ in cattle.

Correct Answer: B [virus]

Explanation:

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in cattle is a viral disease caused by bovine herpesvirus-1.

24.  
CTS (ITI Posts) 2025
Assertion [A]: Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by primary infection with Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV).
Reason [R]: Chickenpox has an highly fatal it's incubation period 3 to 10 days.

Correct Answer: D [[A] is true but [R] is false]

Explanation:

Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by varicella zoster virus, but it is rarely fatal and its incubation period is 10-21 days, so the reason is false.

25.  
Special Competitive Exam 2025
Match the following.
(a) Filaria – 1. Fall in platelet count
(b) Mumps – 2. Inflammation of lymph gland
(c) Dengue – 3. Weakens self defence mechanism of the body
(d) AIDS – 4. Enlargement of parotid gland

Correct Answer: B [2 4 1 3]

Explanation:

Filaria causes inflammation of lymph glands, mumps enlargement of the parotid gland, dengue a fall in platelet count and AIDS weakens the body's defence, giving 2 4 1 3.

26.  
GSHA 2021
An extraction of tender leaves of papaya and herbal drink nilavembu kudineer is given to dengue patients, which increases _____ in the human blood.

Correct Answer: C [Blood Platelet Count]

Explanation:

Dengue sharply lowers blood platelet count, and papaya leaf extract and nilavembu kudineer are given to raise the platelet count.

27.  
Combined Engineering Services 2022
Malaria fever is caused by which of the following parasite

Correct Answer: D [All of these]

Explanation:

Human malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. falciparum and P. ovale, so all of these are correct.

28.  
Mass Interviewer 2023
Kala azar is caused by

Correct Answer: B [Leishmania donovani]

Explanation:

Kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis) is caused by the protozoan Leishmania donovani and spread by sand flies.

29.  
GSHA 2021
World's First Malaria Vaccine

Correct Answer: A [Mosquirix]

Explanation:

Mosquirix (RTS,S/AS01), recommended by the WHO in 2021 for children, is the world's first malaria vaccine.

30.  
GSHA 2021
Select the disease for which the first synthetic vaccine was produced for the first time in the world

Correct Answer: B [Hepatitis B]

Explanation:

The hepatitis B vaccine, made by recombinant DNA technology using yeast cells, was the first genetically engineered (synthetic) vaccine.

31.  
Group 2A Mains (Revoked) 2026
Match the following
(a) BCG – 1. 15-18 months
(b) OPV-I dose – 2. 0-4 weeks
(c) DPT-III dose – 3. 14 weeks
(d) MMR – 4. 6 weeks

Correct Answer: D [2 4 3 1]

Explanation:

BCG is given in the 0-4 weeks after birth, OPV-I at 6 weeks, DPT-III at 14 weeks and MMR at 15-18 months, giving 2 4 3 1.

32.  
Geology Service 2023
In which year was the word "Corona virus" used in the scientific journal "Nature"?

Correct Answer: C [1968]

Explanation:

The name coronavirus, for viruses with a crown-like appearance like the Sun's corona, was used in the journal Nature in 1968.

33.  
Research Asst. (Animal Husbandry) 2023
Name the type of genome found in Covid 19 virus.

Correct Answer: C [ss RNA]

Explanation:

The COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome.

34.  
Group 1 2021
What are the symptoms of COVID-19?
(a) Fever, dry cough, fatigue
(b) Loss of taste
(c) Sore throat
(d) Breathing difficulties

Correct Answer: D [(a), (b), (c) and (d)]

Explanation:

Fever, dry cough, fatigue, loss of taste, sore throat and breathing difficulty are all symptoms of COVID-19.

35.  
Group 1 2021
Which of the following facts about Covid-19 virus is / are wrong?
(a) People who have been infected by the virus but do not have symptoms do not spread virus.
(b) Reinfection is not possible.
(c) Anosmia (loss of smell) is a symptom.
(d) Babies do not get infected by Corona virus.

Correct Answer: B [(a), (b) and (d)]

Explanation:

Asymptomatic people can spread the virus, reinfection is possible and babies can be infected, so (a), (b) and (d) are wrong, while loss of smell is a true symptom.

36.  
Group 1 2021
Which of the following statements is / are true related to COVID-19?
(a) Adding pepper to your soup prevents COVID-19
(b) COVID-19 is transmitted through houseflies
(c) 5G communication networks spread COVID-19
(d) Sun light does not protect oneself from COVID-19

Correct Answer: D [(d) only]

Explanation:

As per WHO myth-busters, pepper soup does not prevent COVID-19, houseflies and 5G do not spread it, and sunlight does not protect from it, so only (d) is true.

37.  
GSCE 2021
Name a clinical trial in which blood is transfused from recovered COVID-19 patients to a Corona virus patient who is in critical condition

Correct Answer: A [Plasma Therapy]

Explanation:

Plasma therapy transfuses antibody-rich plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients to critically ill patients.

38.  
Hostel Supdt. cum PTO 2024
India's first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine is

Correct Answer: C [Covaxin]

Explanation:

Covaxin, developed by Bharat Biotech with ICMR and NIV, is India's first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine.

39.  
Asst. Conservator of Forests 2023
The Covaxin vaccine was manufactured by which Research Laboratory?

Correct Answer: B [Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad]

Explanation:

Covaxin is manufactured by Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad.

40.  
Agricultural Officer 2023
A viral vector vaccine produced by Serum Institute of India, to fight against Covid-19 infection is

Correct Answer: B [Covishield]

Explanation:

Covishield, a viral vector vaccine developed by Oxford-AstraZeneca, is produced in India by the Serum Institute of India, Pune.

41.  
CTS (ITI Posts) 2024
Which of the following statements are true about National Deworming Day?
I. This program is an initiative of ministry of Health and family welfare
II. To make every child in the age group of 1 to 19
III. This program was implemented every year 15th February

Correct Answer: B [I and II]

Explanation:

National Deworming Day is a Health Ministry initiative to deworm all children aged 1-19 years, held twice a year on 10 February and 10 August, so III is false.

42.  
CTS (Interview Posts) 2024
Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
(1) World Rabies Day – 27th September
(2) World Tourist Day – 28th September
(3) International Peace Day – 21st September
(4) World Teachers Day – 5th October

Correct Answer: A [(1) and (2) only]

Explanation:

World Rabies Day is 28 September and World Tourism Day 27 September, so pairs (1) and (2) are incorrectly matched.

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