General Science PYQ – Scientific Temper and Scientific Method

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General Science PYQ – Scientific Temper and Scientific Method – 27 questions, subject: Science. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  
Agricultural Officer 2023
The term 'SCIENCE' originated from

Correct Answer: B [Latin]

Explanation:

The word science comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning knowledge.

2.  
Group 1 2022
Which of the following characteristics of science is not true?
(i) It is guided by natural law
(ii) It is testable against the observable world
(iii) Its conclusions are permanent
(iv) It is falsifiable

Correct Answer: C [(iii) only]

Explanation:

Science is guided by natural law, testable and falsifiable, but its conclusions are tentative and can change with new evidence, so statement (iii) is untrue.

3.  
Group 2 2022
Principles of scientific thinking are
(i) Empiricism
(ii) Rationalism
(iii) Skepticism

Correct Answer: D [(i), (ii) and (iii)]

Explanation:

Empiricism, rationalism and skepticism are all principles of scientific thinking.

4.  
Combined Research Assistant 2023
Which among the following will improve scientific knowledge?

Correct Answer: A [Observation]

Explanation:

Careful observation is the first step of the scientific method and improves scientific knowledge, whereas assumption, superstition and intolerance hinder it.

5.  
Veterinary Assistant 2023
Choose the correct order of studying scientific method
1. Empirical test
2. Hypothesis
3. Observation
4. Conclusion

Correct Answer: A [3, 2, 1, 4]

Explanation:

The scientific method proceeds from observation to hypothesis, then empirical test and finally conclusion, i.e. 3, 2, 1, 4.

6.  
Group 2/2A 2024
Select the chronological order of the mentor–student chain in the establishment of scientific methods

Correct Answer: C [Socrates – Plato – Aristotle – Alexander]

Explanation:

The teacher-student chain is Socrates, then his student Plato, then Plato's student Aristotle, then Aristotle's student Alexander.

7.  
Group 1 2021
Specific experiments:
1. Blue litmus paper is dipped into hydrochloric acid and it is changed into red colour.
2. Blue litmus paper is dipped into oxalic acid and it is changed into red colour.
3. Blue litmus paper is dipped into sulphuric acid and it is changed into red colour.
General law: Acid turns blue litmus red. It is called ______ reasoning.

Correct Answer: D [Inductive]

Explanation:

Forming a general law (acids turn blue litmus red) from several specific experiments is inductive reasoning.

8.  
Group 1 2024
The approach of learning and reasoning from "general concepts to detailed facts" is called

Correct Answer: B [Deductive learning]

Explanation:

Reasoning from general concepts to specific facts is deductive learning, whereas inductive learning goes from specific examples to a general rule.

9.  
Agricultural Officer 2023
Stepwise thinking with a purpose or goal in mind is defined as

Correct Answer: B [Reasoning]

Explanation:

Stepwise thinking directed towards a goal is called reasoning.

10.  
CTS (Non-Interview Posts) 2024
______ is gained from personal experience that is more difficult to express.

Correct Answer: B [Tacit knowledge]

Explanation:

Knowledge gained from personal experience that is hard to put into words, such as riding a bicycle, is tacit knowledge.

11.  
Veterinary Assistant 2023 · CTS (Interview Posts) 2024
The term 'Scientific temper' was used by

Correct Answer: B [Nehru in 'Discovery of India']

Explanation:

The term scientific temper was used by Jawaharlal Nehru in The Discovery of India (1946).

12.  
Executive Officer Gr. I (HR&CE) 2024
Which is true of scientific temper?

Correct Answer: A [Open-mindedness and intellectual honesty]

Explanation:

Open-mindedness and intellectual honesty, i.e. readiness to change views on evidence, are basic traits of scientific temper.

13.  
Asst. Director (Fisheries) 2022
Open-mindedness is a trait of

Correct Answer: D [Scientific attitude]

Explanation:

Open-mindedness, acceptance of new ideas and evidence, is a trait of scientific attitude.

14.  
Research Asst. (Animal Husbandry) 2023
Which of the following is explained by the sentence, "My way is not the only way"?
(i) Honesty
(ii) Rationality
(iii) Open-mindedness
(iv) Creativity

Correct Answer: C [(iii) only]

Explanation:

The sentence 'My way is not the only way' expresses open-mindedness, i.e. acceptance of other views and alternative methods.

15.  
Geology Service 2023
Identify the characteristic which is not associated with scientific attitude

Correct Answer: D [Biased]

Explanation:

Bias is opposed to scientific attitude, which involves critical observation, open-mindedness and freedom from superstition.

16.  
Asst. Public Prosecutor Gr. II 2025
Scientific temper does not encourage
(i) Sense of inquiry
(ii) Rational thinking
(iii) Analysing ability
(iv) Superstition and prejudice

Correct Answer: B [(iv) only]

Explanation:

Scientific temper encourages inquiry, rational thinking and analysis, but not superstition and prejudice, so only (iv) is not encouraged.

17.  
Executive Officer Gr. I (HR&CE) 2024
Inculcation of scientific temper could be achieved except by
(i) Asking questions
(ii) Reading literatures
(iii) Doing experiments
(iv) Memorising

Correct Answer: D [(iv) only]

Explanation:

Asking questions, reading and doing experiments build scientific temper, but memorising without understanding does not.

18.  
AJ 2023
How do you develop "Scientific Temper" among students?
(i) Give extra coaching to the students
(ii) Encourage them to ask questions and allow them to seek out answers on their own
(iii) Motivate them to apply the methods of science in day-to-day life
(iv) Provide well-prepared science study materials to them

Correct Answer: B [(ii) and (iii) only]

Explanation:

Scientific temper grows by encouraging students to ask questions, find answers themselves and apply scientific methods in daily life, not by extra coaching or ready study materials.

19.  
AD Co-operation 2022 · Health Officer 2023 · Group 1 2024
Memorization of information based on repetition is called

Correct Answer: B [Rote learning]

Explanation:

Memorising information by repetition, without stressing meaning, is rote learning.

20.  
Forest Apprentice 2022 · AD Town & Country Planning 2022
Learning multiplication tables and English alphabets is an example of

Correct Answer: B [Rote learning]

Explanation:

Learning multiplication tables and alphabets depends on memory rather than understanding, so it is an example of rote learning.

21.  
Agricultural Officer 2023
Rote learning is a

Correct Answer: A [Passive learning]

Explanation:

In rote learning the learner repeats information without understanding or analysing it, so it is passive learning.

22.  
Agricultural Officer 2023
Rote learning:
(i) Used to memorize formulae in maths and science
(ii) Memorization technique based on repetition
(iii) Does not require understanding of stored data

Correct Answer: D [(i), (ii) and (iii)]

Explanation:

Rote learning is based on repetition, is used to memorise formulae and does not require understanding of the stored data, so all three are true.

23.  
AD Town & Country Planning 2022
Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives describes about

Correct Answer: C [Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor domains]

Explanation:

Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives covers the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.

24.  
Fisheries Inspector / SI 2023
Dancing, driving and writing are examples of ______ learning domain.

Correct Answer: D [Psychomotor learning domain]

Explanation:

Dancing, driving and writing are physical skills belonging to the psychomotor learning domain.

25.  
District Educational Officer 2023
Arrange the following four steps based on Wallas' creativity theory
1. Incubation
2. Illumination
3. Preparation
4. Verification

Correct Answer: A [3, 1, 2, 4]

Explanation:

Wallas' stages of creativity are preparation, incubation, illumination and verification, i.e. 3, 1, 2, 4.

26.  
Asst. Conservator of Forests 2023
'Thinking out of the box' is related to
(i) Logical thinking
(ii) Creative thinking
(iii) Critical thinking
(iv) Analysing ability

Correct Answer: B [(ii) only]

Explanation:

Thinking out of the box means finding new, original solutions beyond the usual, which is creative thinking.

27.  
Group 1B/1C 2024
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is

Correct Answer: A [(Mental age / Physical age) × 100]

Explanation:

Intelligence Quotient is the ratio of mental age to physical (chronological) age multiplied by 100.

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