General Science PYQ – Human Physiology

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General Science PYQ – Human Physiology – 29 questions, subject: Science. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  
PTGS 2021 · Asst. Conservator of Forests 2023
The processes by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called

Correct Answer: B [Homeostasis]

Explanation:

Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep their internal conditions such as temperature, water and pH relatively stable.

2.  
Reporter 2022
The control and co-ordination of our body is under the control of _____ system.

Correct Answer: D [Nervous system]

Explanation:

The nervous system, together with the endocrine system, controls and coordinates the body.

3.  
Group 4 2024
Match the following:
(a) Cerebral cortex – 1. Temperature control
(b) Hypothalamus – 2. Sensory perception
(c) Cerebellum – 3. Role in sleep-awake cycle
(d) Pons – 4. Maintenance of posture and balance

Correct Answer: D [2 1 4 3]

Explanation:

Cerebral cortex handles sensory perception, hypothalamus temperature control, cerebellum posture and balance and pons the sleep-wake cycle, giving 2 1 4 3.

4.  
CTS (ITI Posts) 2024
Arrange the following in correct order ('Functional components of a reflex arc')
(1) Motor neurons
(2) Sensory neurons
(3) Sensory Receptor
(4) Effector organs
(5) Inter neurons

Correct Answer: A [3, 2, 5, 1, 4]

Explanation:

A reflex arc runs from receptor to sensory neuron, then interneuron, then motor neuron and finally the effector organ, i.e. 3, 2, 5, 1, 4.

5.  
Executive Officer Gr. I (HR&CE) 2024
Read the following passage and answer the question using your reasoning capacity:
The Spinal column is composed of Bones (Vertebrae) that are separated by Cartilaginous Pads (Discs) that act as shock absorbers for the column. Nerves run through openings in the vertebral bones of the Spinal Cord to the periphery. These nerves run very close to the Discs, which is why protruding discs can cause pain along those nerves.
In the above passage what is being explained?

Correct Answer: C [The manner in which a protruding disc can cause nerve pain]

Explanation:

The passage ends by explaining why a protruding disc can cause pain along nearby nerves, so that is what is being explained.

6.  
Group 3A 2023
_____ is a tough and thick white sheath that protects the inner parts of the eye.

Correct Answer: A [Sclera]

Explanation:

The sclera is the tough, thick white outer coat that protects the inner parts of the eye.

7.  
Road Inspector 2023
_____ converts the light rays into impulses and sends the signals to the brain through the optic nerve.

Correct Answer: A [Retina]

Explanation:

The retina converts light rays into nerve impulses and sends them to the brain via the optic nerve.

8.  
CEGS 2024
The element that concentrates strongly in the thyroid gland is

Correct Answer: C [Iodine]

Explanation:

The thyroid gland concentrates iodine strongly from blood to make thyroxine, and iodine deficiency causes goitre.

9.  
CTS (ITI Posts) 2024
Which is called the "Life Saving" hormone?

Correct Answer: C [Cortisol]

Explanation:

Adrenal cortex hormones such as cortisol are essential for survival and are called life-saving hormones.

10.  
Group 1/1A 2025
Match the following hormone with the disorder caused:
(a) Insulin – 1. Cushing's syndrome
(b) Thyroxine – 2. Diabetes insipidus
(c) Glucocorticoids – 3. Acromegaly
(d) Growth hormone – 4. Goitre
5. Diabetes Mellitus

Correct Answer: C [5 4 1 3]

Explanation:

Insulin deficiency causes diabetes mellitus, thyroxine deficiency goitre, excess glucocorticoids Cushing's syndrome and so on, as per the keyed matching 5 4 1 3.

11.  
Fisheries Inspector / SI 2023
The dental formula of man is

Correct Answer: C [2123/2123]

Explanation:

The human dental formula is 2123/2123, giving 32 teeth.

12.  
Group 4 2024
Identify the teeth absent in milk dentition in mammals.

Correct Answer: A [Premolars]

Explanation:

Human milk dentition (20 teeth) has the formula 2102/2102, so premolars are absent.

13.  
Hostel Supdt. cum PTO 2024
The substrate present in pancreas Chymotrypsin is

Correct Answer: C [Protein]

Explanation:

Chymotrypsin, a pancreatic enzyme, digests proteins into peptides.

14.  
Executive Officer Gr. IV (HR&CE) 2022 · Asst. Training Officer (Textile) 2023
Glycolysis takes place in

Correct Answer: A [Cytoplasm]

Explanation:

Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, takes place in the cytoplasm and needs no oxygen.

15.  
GSHA 2021
Which one is the common stage for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Correct Answer: A [Glycolysis]

Explanation:

Glycolysis is the first step common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

16.  
Combined Research Assistant 2023 · Special Competitive Exam 2025
The site for Kreb's cycle is

Correct Answer: B [Matrix of Mitochondria]

Explanation:

The Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.

17.  
District Educational Officer 2023
Assertion [A]: Atelectasis means collapse of the alveoli.
Reason [R]: Total obstruction of the airway and lack of surfactant in the fluid lining of the alveoli.

Correct Answer: D [Assertion [A] and Reason [R] are correct, Reason [R] explains Assertion [A].]

Explanation:

Atelectasis is collapse of the alveoli, caused by complete airway obstruction or lack of surfactant, so both statements are correct and R explains A.

18.  
PTGS 2021
What is the fibrous sac covering in the heart?

Correct Answer: C [Pericardium]

Explanation:

The fibrous double-layered sac around the heart is the pericardium.

19.  
GSHA 2021
Select the correct sequence of origin and conduction of heart beat in human being

Correct Answer: D [SA node – AV node – bundle of His – Purkinje fibres]

Explanation:

The heartbeat starts in the SA node (pacemaker), then passes to the AV node, bundle of His and Purkinje fibres to the ventricles.

20.  
GSCE 2021
Which law is used to understand the structure and functions of heart and blood vessels?

Correct Answer: D [Laplace law]

Explanation:

The Laplace law relates wall tension to internal pressure and radius, and is used to understand the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels.

21.  
Hostel Supdt. cum PTO 2024
Disc-shaped biconcave cells are the characteristic feature of

Correct Answer: C [Erythrocytes]

Explanation:

Mature red blood cells (erythrocytes) are biconcave discs, which increases surface area for oxygen exchange.

22.  
Field Surveyor 2022
Choose the following pair which lack nucleus in the human blood.

Correct Answer: D [Matured erythrocytes and Thrombocytes]

Explanation:

Mature red blood cells and platelets (thrombocytes) lack a nucleus in human blood, whereas all white cells have one.

23.  
ADGS 2021
The stored form of Iron content in human body is

Correct Answer: C [Haemosiderin]

Explanation:

Iron is stored in the body as ferritin and haemosiderin, mainly in the liver, spleen and bone marrow.

24.  
Group 2 2022 · CEGS 2024
Human blood grouping was discovered by

Correct Answer: A [Landsteiner]

Explanation:

Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood groups in 1900-1901 and won the 1930 Nobel Prize.

25.  
Geology Service 2023
Individuals with _____ blood group is called universal Donor.

Correct Answer: B [O]

Explanation:

Group O red cells lack A and B antigens, so people with O blood group are universal donors.

26.  
Group 2 2022
Assertion [A]: High density lipoproteins transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.
Reason [R]: The elevation of lipids in plasma leads to the deposition of cholesterol on the arterial walls, leading to atherosclerosis.

Correct Answer: D [Both [A] and [R] are true, but [R] is not the correct explanation of [A]]

Explanation:

HDL carries cholesterol from tissues to the liver and raised plasma lipids cause atherosclerosis, but the reason does not explain HDL's function.

27.  
Group 1 2021
Kidney stones are formed by the precipitation of the following chemicals
I. Cystine
II. Oxalate
III. Uric acid
IV. Sodium

Correct Answer: B [I, II and III]

Explanation:

Kidney stones form by precipitation of calcium oxalate, uric acid and cystine, but not sodium, so I, II and III are correct.

28.  
GSCE 2021
The ends of the seminiferous tubules open into an irregular networks, which is called,

Correct Answer: D [Rete testis]

Explanation:

The ends of the seminiferous tubules open into an irregular network called the rete testis.

29.  
Executive Officer Gr. III (HR&CE) 2022
Acidity if any in the urethra after passage of urine is neutralized by the secretion of

Correct Answer: D [Cowper's Gland]

Explanation:

The alkaline mucus secreted by Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands neutralises acidity left in the urethra after urination.

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