General Science PYQ – Nuclear Physics and Energy
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Hydrogen is an alternative fuel and solar energy heats water, but biogas comes from degradable waste and geothermal energy from Earth's heat, so only (1) and (3) are correct.
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General Science PYQ – Nuclear Physics and Energy – 26 questions, subject: Science. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.
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1.
Accounts Officer (Treasury) 2022
Which of the following particles has the same mass as that of the electron?Correct Answer: C [Positron]
Explanation:
The positron is the antiparticle of the electron, with the same mass but positive charge, discovered by Carl Anderson in 1932.
2.
Forest Apprentice 2022
In a nucleus, protons and neutrons can exist together due to which of the following forces?Correct Answer: A [Yukawa forces]
Explanation:
Protons and neutrons are held together in the nucleus by the strong short-range nuclear force, explained by Yukawa through the exchange of mesons.
3.
Accounts Officer (Treasury) 2022
If 'A' is the mass number of an element, then volume of the nucleus of an atom of this element is proportional toCorrect Answer: A [A]
Explanation:
Nuclear radius R = R0 A^(1/3), so volume proportional to R cubed is proportional to the mass number A.
4.
Group 2 2022
In the collective model of the nucleus, the shape of nuclear core isCorrect Answer: A [Non-spherical]
Explanation:
In the collective model of Aage Bohr and Mottelson, the nuclear core is considered non-spherical, combining features of the liquid drop and shell models.
5.
AAO & AHO 2024
The alternate name for 'God – particle' isCorrect Answer: C [Higgs boson]
Explanation:
The Higgs boson, linked to the field that gives mass to fundamental particles, is nicknamed the God particle and was found at CERN's LHC in 2012.
6.
GSASO 2020
Half life of a radio active substance with disintegration constant λ isCorrect Answer: A [0.6931/λ]
Explanation:
Half-life T1/2 = ln 2 / lambda = 0.6931/lambda, the time for half the atoms to disintegrate.
7.
(I) Temperature
(II) Pressure
(III) Volume
Forest Apprentice 2022
Which of the following do not affect radioactivity?(I) Temperature
(II) Pressure
(III) Volume
Correct Answer: D [(I), (II) and (III)]
Explanation:
Radioactivity is a nuclear process, so external factors such as temperature, pressure and volume do not affect it.
8.
Group 1/1A 2025
One rutherford is equal toCorrect Answer: C [10⁶ disintegrations per second]
Explanation:
One rutherford is an old unit of radioactivity equal to 10^6 disintegrations per second.
9.
Junior Scientific Officer 2023
Gray is the unit ofCorrect Answer: B [Radiation dosage]
Explanation:
The gray (Gy) is the SI unit of absorbed radiation dose, equal to one joule absorbed per kilogram of matter.
10.
Forest Apprentice 2022
______ is used for age estimation in archaeology.Correct Answer: B [C-14]
Explanation:
Carbon-14, with a half-life of about 5730 years, is used for dating fossils and archaeological finds by measuring the remaining C-14.
11.
Reason [R]: Cobalt-60 is source of γ-radiations capable of killing cancerous cells.
Group 4 2025
Assertion [A]: Cobalt-60 is useful in Cancer therapy.Reason [R]: Cobalt-60 is source of γ-radiations capable of killing cancerous cells.
Correct Answer: A [Both [A] and [R] are correct and the [R] is a correct explanation of the [A]]
Explanation:
Cobalt-60 emits penetrating gamma rays that kill cancer cells, which is why it is used in cancer therapy, so the reason explains the assertion.
12.
(a) Radio sodium Na-24 – 1. Skin diseases
(b) Radio iodine I-131 – 2. Diagnose anaemia
(c) Radio iron Fe-59 – 3. Effective functioning of heart
(d) Radio phosphorus P-32 – 4. Cure goitre
Combined Engineering Subordinate Service 2023
Match the following (Radio-isotope – Treatment):(a) Radio sodium Na-24 – 1. Skin diseases
(b) Radio iodine I-131 – 2. Diagnose anaemia
(c) Radio iron Fe-59 – 3. Effective functioning of heart
(d) Radio phosphorus P-32 – 4. Cure goitre
Correct Answer: A [3 4 2 1]
Explanation:
Na-24 is used for blood circulation and heart studies, I-131 for thyroid/goitre, Fe-59 to diagnose anaemia and P-32 for skin diseases, giving the sequence 3 4 2 1.
13.
AD Co-operation 2022
The device used to perform chain reaction of nuclear fission in a controlled manner isCorrect Answer: A [Nuclear reactor]
Explanation:
A nuclear reactor controls the neutron population so that the fission chain reaction proceeds in a controlled manner, unlike an atom bomb.
14.
AGGS 2021 · Executive Officer Gr. I (HR&CE) 2024
Ideally, moderators haveCorrect Answer: D [Low atomic weight and low neutron absorption cross-section]
Explanation:
A moderator slows fast neutrons without absorbing them, so it should have low atomic weight and a low neutron absorption cross-section.
15.
Combined Engineering Services 2022
Which of the following materials is used to make control rods in a nuclear reactor?Correct Answer: B [Cadmium]
Explanation:
Control rods must absorb neutrons strongly, so materials such as cadmium and boron are used.
16.
Forest Apprentice 2022
Sun gives light and heat energy due to one of the following reactionsCorrect Answer: B [Fusion of hydrogen and its isotopes]
Explanation:
The Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium in its core at very high temperature.
17.
Reason [R]: The nuclei involved in nuclear fusion reaction are both positively charged particles, and the repulsive force will be overcome only at extremely high temperatures.
Special Competitive Exam 2025
Assertion [A]: The nuclear fusion reaction can be performed only at extremely high temperature and pressure.Reason [R]: The nuclei involved in nuclear fusion reaction are both positively charged particles, and the repulsive force will be overcome only at extremely high temperatures.
Correct Answer: B [Both [A] and [R] are true; and [R] is the correct explanation of [A]]
Explanation:
Fusion needs extreme temperature and pressure because positively charged nuclei must overcome strong Coulomb repulsion, so the reason correctly explains the assertion.
18.
(a) Hydrogen bomb – 1. Uncontrolled nuclear fission reaction
(b) Power reactor – 2. Controlled fusion reaction
(c) Magnetic confinement of plasma – 3. Controlled fission reaction
(d) Atom bomb – 4. Fission–fusion reaction
Group 2A Mains 2025
Match the following:(a) Hydrogen bomb – 1. Uncontrolled nuclear fission reaction
(b) Power reactor – 2. Controlled fusion reaction
(c) Magnetic confinement of plasma – 3. Controlled fission reaction
(d) Atom bomb – 4. Fission–fusion reaction
Correct Answer: D [4 3 2 1]
Explanation:
A hydrogen bomb is an uncontrolled fusion reaction, a power reactor uses controlled fission, and magnetic confinement of plasma aims at controlled fusion, matching the given code 4 3 2 1.
19.
AHGS 2021
Who was the architect of atomic research in India?Correct Answer: B [Homi Bhabha]
Explanation:
Dr Homi Jehangir Bhabha, first chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and founder of TIFR, is regarded as the architect of India's atomic research.
20.
Asst. Director (Fisheries) 2022
Indian Nuclear Power Programme stage-3 aims using ______ as 'fuel of the future'.Correct Answer: C [Thorium]
Explanation:
Stage 3 of India's nuclear programme aims to use thorium, which is abundant in India, as the fuel of the future by converting it into fissile uranium-233.
21.
District Child Protection Officer 2022
The name of the Atomic Energy Research Centre in Tamil Nadu isCorrect Answer: B [IGCAR]
Explanation:
The Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) is the atomic research centre at Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu.
22.
CTS (Non-Interview Posts) 2025
Traditional energy sources that are used for different purposes are calledCorrect Answer: C [Conventional sources of energy]
Explanation:
Long-established, widely used sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydroelectricity are called conventional sources of energy.
23.
District Child Protection Officer 2022
Oil, natural gas and coal are examples ofCorrect Answer: C [Fossil fuels]
Explanation:
Oil, natural gas and coal formed from buried plant and animal remains over millions of years and are non-renewable fossil fuels.
24.
Group 1 2021
The source of dendrothermal energy isCorrect Answer: A [Biomass]
Explanation:
Dendrothermal energy is biomass energy obtained from fast-growing trees that are burnt or gasified to generate electricity.
25.
Asst. Professor (Psychology) 2023
Name the plant developed for an innovative low-volume fixed model for biogas production by the Vivekananda Kendra of Tamilnadu.Correct Answer: A [Shakthi Surabhi]
Explanation:
Shakthi Surabhi, a low-volume fixed-model biogas plant converting kitchen waste to cooking gas, was developed by Vivekananda Kendra, Kanniyakumari.
26.
(1) Hydrogen – Alternative energy
(2) Biogas – From non-degradable waste
(3) Solar energy – Water heating
(4) Geothermal energy – Wind speed and direction
Group 1 2024
Choose the right matches:(1) Hydrogen – Alternative energy
(2) Biogas – From non-degradable waste
(3) Solar energy – Water heating
(4) Geothermal energy – Wind speed and direction
Correct Answer: A [(1) and (3) are correct]
Explanation:
Hydrogen is an alternative fuel and solar energy heats water, but biogas comes from degradable waste and geothermal energy from Earth's heat, so only (1) and (3) are correct.
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