UPSC World History – Chapter 17: Political Philosophies – Liberalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism and Fascism (22 MCQs)

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UPSC World History – Chapter 17: Political Philosophies – Liberalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism and Fascism (22 MCQs) – 22 questions, subject: History. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  

The Wealth of Nations (1776), which argued for laissez-faire, was written by:

Correct Answer: A [Adam Smith]

Explanation:

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) argued that the market's invisible hand serves the common good, favouring minimal State interference.

2.  

The Communist Manifesto was published in:

Correct Answer: B [1848]

Explanation:

Marx and Engels published The Communist Manifesto in 1848; it ends with the call 'Workers of the world, unite!'.

3.  

The Fabian Society, founded in London in 1884, believed in:

Correct Answer: C [gradual socialism through reform]

Explanation:

The Fabians, including the Webbs and Shaw, sought socialism gradually through reforms, elections and Parliament, influencing the Labour Party.

4.  

"Property is theft" was said by the anarchist thinker:

Correct Answer: D [Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]

Explanation:

1840.

5.  

The idea of a disciplined "vanguard party" of professional revolutionaries is associated with:

Correct Answer: C [Lenin]

Explanation:

What Is to Be Done?, 1902.

6.  

Mussolini came to power in Italy after the:

Correct Answer: C [March on Rome]

Explanation:

October 1922.

7.  

The Beveridge Report (1942) is associated with:

Correct Answer: B [the British welfare State]

Explanation:

William Beveridge's 1942 report proposed social insurance against want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness, the blueprint of Britain's welfare State.

8.  

The concept of "trusteeship" was put forward by:

Correct Answer: C [Mahatma Gandhi]

Explanation:

Gandhi asked the rich to hold their wealth as trustees for society, a non-violent alternative to class war.

9.  

Gandhi's "Sarvodaya" was his title for a paraphrase of a work by:

Correct Answer: A [John Ruskin]

Explanation:

Unto This Last.

10.  

Consider the following statements:

1. The Avadi session of the Congress adopted the goal of a "socialistic pattern of society".
2. The word "socialist" was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment.
3. The Congress Socialist Party was formed after independence.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: B [1 and 2 only]

Explanation:

Avadi (1955) adopted the socialistic pattern of society and the 42nd Amendment (1976) added 'socialist'; the CSP dates from 1934.

11.  

Assertion (A): Fascism attracted many middle-class Germans and Italians after the First World War.

Reason (R): Economic crises and fear of communism made a strong nationalist leader appealing.

Correct Answer: A [Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A]

Explanation:

Economic crises and fear of communism pushed the middle classes towards strong nationalist leaders, so R explains A.

12.  

According to Marx, the profit a capitalist keeps from the value produced by workers is called:

Correct Answer: D [surplus value]

Explanation:

Marx held that workers produce more value than their wages; the surplus the owner keeps as profit is surplus value.

13.  

The German SPD formally gave up Marxism in its:

Correct Answer: D [Bad Godesberg Programme]

Explanation:

1959.

14.  

Which thinker argued that the State must spend to create demand during a depression?

Correct Answer: B [John Maynard Keynes]

Explanation:

General Theory, 1936.

15.  

Mao Zedong's adaptation of Marxism relied mainly on:

Correct Answer: B [the peasantry]

Explanation:

Mao based revolution on the peasantry, waging a protracted people's war from the countryside rather than relying on urban workers.

16.  

Arrange the following in chronological order:

1. The Communist Manifesto
2. The First International
3. The Comintern
4. The Fabian Society

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: C [1-2-4-3]

Explanation:

1848, 1864, 1884, 1919.

17.  

"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" describes:

Correct Answer: C [communism]

Explanation:

Marx's final stage.

18.  

On Liberty (1859), a classic defence of freedom of expression, was written by:

Correct Answer: D [J.S. Mill]

Explanation:

John Stuart Mill's On Liberty (1859) is the classic defence of freedom of thought and expression against State and social coercion.

19.  

Evolutionary Socialism (1899), which argued that socialism could come through gradual reform rather than revolution, was written by:

Correct Answer: C [Eduard Bernstein]

Explanation:

Bernstein of the German SPD argued for 'revisionism', socialism reached through gradual reform.

20.  

Among the founders of the Congress Socialist Party (1934) was:

Correct Answer: A [Jayaprakash Narayan]

Explanation:

with Acharya Narendra Dev and Minoo Masani.

21.  
UPSC Prelims 2011

Karl Marx explained the process of class struggle with the help of which one of the following theories?

Correct Answer: D [Dialectical materialism]

Explanation:

change through the conflict of opposites in material conditions underlies class struggle (Section 17.4).

22.  
UPSC Prelims 2020

One common agreement between Gandhism and Marxism is

Correct Answer: A [the final goal of a stateless society]

Explanation:

Gandhi's "enlightened anarchy" and Marx's withering away of the State (Section 17.8).

➤ Full notes, maps, tables, a reason for every option and Mains PYQs – U05 · World History (UPSC book, ₹249): www.shanmugamiasacademy.in/study-materials/upsc-world-history

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