UPSC Indian Polity – Chapter 21: Judicial Review, Tribunals and Dispute Redressal (30 MCQs)

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UPSC Indian Polity – Chapter 21: Judicial Review, Tribunals and Dispute Redressal (30 MCQs) – 30 questions, subject: Polity. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  

The doctrine of judicial review originated in:

Correct Answer: B [the United States]

Explanation:

Marbury v Madison (1803).

2.  

Consider the following statements:

1. Judicial review is part of the basic structure of the Constitution.
2. The words "judicial review" are used expressly in Article 13.
3. Article 13 declares laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights to be void.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Correct Answer: B [1 and 3 only]

Explanation:

Minerva Mills ; Article 13.

3.  

Laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after which date can be tested against the basic structure?

Correct Answer: C [24 April 1973]

Explanation:

I.R. Coelho (2007).

4.  

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that procedure under Article 21 must be just, fair and reasonable?

Correct Answer: D [Maneka Gandhi case]

Explanation:

1978.

5.  

"Epistolary jurisdiction" refers to:

Correct Answer: D [treating letters as writ petitions]

Explanation:

Sunil Batra .

6.  

The precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle were declared part of the law of the land in a case concerning tanneries in Tamil Nadu. The case is:

Correct Answer: A [Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v Union of India]

Explanation:

1996.

7.  

Consider the following about the writ of mandamus:

1. It can be issued against a public official to perform a public duty.
2. It cannot be issued against the President or a Governor.
3. It can be issued against a private body entrusted with a public duty.
4. It can be issued against any private individual.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Correct Answer: D [Only three]

Explanation:

statements 1, 2 and 3.

8.  

Which writ is issued by a higher court to quash an order already passed by a lower court in excess of its jurisdiction?

Correct Answer: D [Certiorari]

Explanation:

curative.

9.  

Assertion (A): Any public-minded person may seek a writ of quo warranto.

Reason (R): Quo warranto is meant to prevent illegal usurpation of a public office.

Correct Answer: C [Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A]

Explanation:

the public interest in public offices.

10.  

Under Article 323A, administrative tribunals can be established by:

Correct Answer: D [Parliament only]

Explanation:

Article 323A.

11.  

Match List I (Law) with List II (Year):

List I: A. Administrative Tribunals Act B. Legal Services Authorities Act C. National Green Tribunal Act D. Mediation Act

List II: 1. 2023 2. 2010 3. 1987 4. 1985

Correct Answer: A [A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1]

Explanation:

as in Sections 21.4 and 21.5.

12.  

In L. Chandra Kumar v Union of India (1997), the Supreme Court held that:

Correct Answer: B [decisions of tribunals are subject to scrutiny by a division bench of the High Court]

Explanation:

judicial review is basic structure.

13.  

The Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 provisions on eligibility, tenure and reappointment were struck down in November 2025 in a case filed by:

Correct Answer: A [Madras Bar Association]

Explanation:

19 November 2025.

14.  

Consider the following statements about Lok Adalats:

1. An award is deemed to be a decree of a civil court.
2. An appeal lies to the High Court against the award.
3. Court fee paid in a pending case is refunded when it is settled.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Correct Answer: C [1 and 3 only]

Explanation:

Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.

15.  

Which of the following can decide a dispute on merits if conciliation fails?

Correct Answer: B [Permanent Lok Adalat for public utility services]

Explanation:

2002 amendment.

16.  

National Legal Services Day is observed on 9 November because on that day in 1995:

Correct Answer: A [the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 came into force]

Explanation:

9 November 1995.

17.  

A Union government employee wants to challenge her transfer order on service grounds. Which forum should she approach first?

Correct Answer: C [Central Administrative Tribunal]

Explanation:

Article 323A; Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.

18.  

Article 39A, which provides for equal justice and free legal aid, was inserted by the:

Correct Answer: A [42nd Amendment]

Explanation:

1976.

19.  

Arrange the following in chronological order:

1. National Green Tribunal Act
2. Kesavananda Bharati judgment
3. Administrative Tribunals Act
4. I.R. Coelho judgment

Select the correct answer:

Correct Answer: D [2-3-4-1]

Explanation:

1973, 1985, 2007, 2010.

20.  

Which case laid down guidelines to curb frivolous public interest litigation?

Correct Answer: B [State of Uttaranchal v Balwant Singh Chaufal]

Explanation:

2010.

21.  
UPSC Prelims 1997

The concept of Public Interest Litigation originated in

Correct Answer: C [the United States]

Explanation:

"public interest law" in the United States.

22.  
UPSC Prelims 1998

The Indian parliamentary system is different from the British parliamentary system in that India has

Correct Answer: D [the system of judicial review]

Explanation:

British Parliament is sovereign.

23.  
UPSC Prelims 2005

Consider the following:

1. Disputes with mobile cellular companies
2. Motor accident cases
3. Pension cases

For which of the above are Lok Adalats held?

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]

Explanation:

all three.

24.  
UPSC Prelims 2008

Consider the following statements:

1. Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer was the Chief Justice of India.
2. Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer is considered as one of the progenitors of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: B [2 only]

Explanation:

a pioneer of PIL.

25.  
UPSC Prelims 2009

With reference to Lok Adalats, consider the following statements:

1. An award made by a Lok Adalat is deemed to be a decree of a civil court and no appeal lies against it before any court.
2. Matrimonial/Family disputes are not covered under Lok Adalat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: A [1 only]

Explanation:

Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.

26.  
UPSC Prelims 2010

With reference to Lok Adalats, which of the following statements is correct?

Correct Answer: D [None of the statements given above is correct]

Explanation:

all three are incorrect.

27.  
UPSC Prelims 2013

With reference to National Legal Services Authority, consider the following statements:

1. Its objective is to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society on the basis of equal opportunity.
2. It issues guidelines for the State Legal Services Authorities to implement the legal programmes and schemes throughout the country.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2]

Explanation:

Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 and Article 39A.

28.  
UPSC Prelims 2017

In India, Judicial Review implies

Correct Answer: A [the power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.]

Explanation:

the meaning of judicial review.

29.  
UPSC Prelims 2018

Consider the following statements:

1. The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
2. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: A [1 only]

Explanation:

I.R. Coelho (2007).

30.  
UPSC Prelims 2022

With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements:

1. Mandamus will not lie against a private organisation unless it is entrusted with a public duty.
2. Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company.
3. Any public-minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]

Explanation:

as per the answer key.

➤ Full notes, maps, tables, a reason for every option and Mains PYQs – U11 · Indian Polity (UPSC book, ₹249): www.shanmugamiasacademy.in/study-materials/upsc-indian-polity

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