UPSC Geography of India – Chapter 2: Geological Structure and Evolution (21 MCQs)

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UPSC Geography of India – Chapter 2: Geological Structure and Evolution (21 MCQs) – 21 questions, subject: Geography. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  

The oldest rocks of India belong to the:

Correct Answer: D [Archaean system]

Explanation:

Archaean gneisses and granites are Pre-Cambrian and the oldest rocks of India, forming the base of the Peninsula.

2.  

The bulk of India's coal is found in rocks of the:

Correct Answer: C [Gondwana system]

Explanation:

Gondwana rocks of the Damodar, Son, Mahanadi and Godavari valleys hold the bulk of India's coal.

3.  

Petroleum in India occurs mainly in rocks of the:

Correct Answer: A [Tertiary system]

Explanation:

Petroleum occurs in Tertiary sedimentary basins such as Digboi in Assam, Ankleshwar in Gujarat and Mumbai High.

4.  

The Karewas, known for saffron cultivation, are found in:

Correct Answer: B [the Kashmir valley]

Explanation:

The Karewas are Quaternary lake deposits on the flanks of the Kashmir valley, famous for saffron.

5.  

The lignite of Neyveli belongs to the:

Correct Answer: A [Tertiary system]

Explanation:

Neyveli lignite in Tamil Nadu lies in Tertiary rocks, much younger than the Gondwana coal measures.

6.  

The Deccan Traps are made chiefly of:

Correct Answer: B [basalt]

Explanation:

The Deccan Traps are layer upon layer of basalt lava covering much of Maharashtra and parts of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

7.  

Kolar and Hutti are known for:

Correct Answer: D [gold]

Explanation:

Dharwar rocks.

8.  

Which one of the following is NOT a feature of the Peninsular Block?

Correct Answer: A [It consists of young fold mountains of the Tertiary period.]

Explanation:

that describes the Himalaya.

9.  

The rocks of the Himalaya were laid down as sediments in the:

Correct Answer: C [Tethys Sea]

Explanation:

Sediments of the shallow Tethys Sea were squeezed and lifted into the Himalaya when India met the Eurasian plate.

10.  

Consider the following statements about the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain:

1. It occupies a depression between the Himalaya and the Peninsula.
2. The average depth of its alluvium is 1,000–2,000 m.
3. It is the oldest landform of India.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Correct Answer: B [1 and 2 only]

Explanation:

Statements 1 and 2 are correct; the plain is the youngest, not the oldest, of the three divisions.

11.  

Assertion (A): The Himalayan region is highly prone to earthquakes.

Reason (R): The Indian plate continues to push northward against the Eurasian plate.

Correct Answer: A [Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A]

Explanation:

The continuing northward push of the Indian plate keeps the Himalaya rising and causes its frequent earthquakes.

12.  

The diamonds of Panna are associated with the:

Correct Answer: A [Vindhyan system]

Explanation:

The Panna diamond area of Madhya Pradesh lies within the Vindhyan rock system.

13.  

Kodarma in Jharkhand is known for:

Correct Answer: C [mica]

Explanation:

Kodarma in Jharkhand is famous for mica found in Archaean pegmatites.

14.  

The black soil of the Deccan is formed by the weathering of:

Correct Answer: D [basalt]

Explanation:

The black regur soil of the Deccan forms from the weathering of Deccan Trap basalt.

15.  

Which one of the following is a relict mountain of the Peninsula?

Correct Answer: C [Aravalli]

Explanation:

The Aravalli is an old Peninsular range, worn down by long erosion into relict hills.

16.  

In the Northern Plains, "bhangar" refers to:

Correct Answer: B [old alluvium]

Explanation:

Bhangar is the older alluvium of the Northern Plains; khadar is the newer alluvium of the flood plains.

17.  

Arrange the following rock systems from the oldest to the youngest:

1. Gondwana
2. Archaean
3. Quaternary
4. Dharwar

Select the correct answer:

Correct Answer: C [2-4-1-3]

Explanation:

Archaean, Dharwar, Gondwana, Quaternary.

18.  

The Geological Survey of India was founded in:

Correct Answer: D [1851]

Explanation:

The Geological Survey of India was founded in 1851, chiefly to locate coal for the railways.

19.  

In 1889 oil was struck in Tertiary rocks at:

Correct Answer: D [Digboi]

Explanation:

Digboi in Assam; its refinery followed in 1901.

20.  

Before it drifted north, the Indian landmass was part of:

Correct Answer: B [Gondwanaland]

Explanation:

India was part of Gondwanaland, the southern part of Pangaea, with Australia, Africa, South America and Antarctica.

21.  
UPSC Prelims 2013

Consider the following statements:

1. Natural gas occurs in the Gondwana beds.
2. Mica occurs in abundance in Kodarma.
3. Dharwars are famous for petroleum.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: B [2 only]

Explanation:

Kodarma is famous for mica.

➤ Full notes, maps, tables, a reason for every option and Mains PYQs – U09 · Geography of India (UPSC book, ₹249): www.shanmugamiasacademy.in/study-materials/upsc-geography-of-india

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