UPSC Indian Economy – Chapter 3: Growth, Development and Human Development (23 MCQs)
UPSC Indian Economy – Chapter 3: Growth, Development and Human Development (23 MCQs) – 23 questions, subject: Indian Economy. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.
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Economic growth is best measured by:
Correct Answer: B [a sustained rise in real GDP or real per capita income]
Explanation:
a quantitative rise in real output.
The part of output growth not explained by increases in capital and labour is called:
Correct Answer: C [total factor productivity, or the Solow residual]
Explanation:
technology, skills and efficiency.
At a steady growth rate of 7 per cent a year, real GDP doubles in about:
Correct Answer: C [10 years]
Explanation:
70 ÷ 7.
"Take-off" is a stage in the growth theory of:
Correct Answer: A [W.W. Rostow]
Explanation:
The Stages of Economic Growth , 1960.
The Kuznets curve describes the relationship between per capita income and:
Correct Answer: B [income inequality]
Explanation:
an inverted U.
The endogenous growth theory, in which ideas, human capital and R&D drive growth from within the economy, is associated with:
Correct Answer: C [Paul Romer and Robert Lucas]
Explanation:
Romer and Lucas (1980s) showed that ideas, human capital and R&D drive growth from within.
In the HDI, the maximum goalpost for life expectancy at birth is:
Correct Answer: D [85 years]
Explanation:
The goalposts are 20 and 85 years, so India's 72.0 years (HDR 2025) gives a health index of 0.800.
Consider the following:
1. Life expectancy at birth
2. Mean years of schooling
3. Gross national income per capita (PPP)
4. Literacy rate
Which of the above are indicators of the Human Development Index at present?
Correct Answer: A [1, 2 and 3 only]
Explanation:
plus expected years of schooling.
Since 2010, the three dimension indices of the HDI are combined by:
Correct Answer: D [a geometric mean]
Explanation:
limits substitution between dimensions.
In the Human Development Report 2025, India's rank was:
Correct Answer: D [130 of 193]
Explanation:
HDI 0.685 for 2023.
The Gender Inequality Index of the UNDP uses which dimensions?
Correct Answer: A [Reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market]
Explanation:
three dimensions.
The phrase "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" comes from:
Correct Answer: A [the Brundtland Report, 1987]
Explanation:
Our Common Future .
Consider the following statements about the Sustainable Development Goals:
1. There are 17 goals and 169 targets.
2. They apply only to developing countries.
3. Their target year is 2030.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: D [1 and 3 only]
Explanation:
universal goals, 2030.
The SDG India Index is published by:
Correct Answer: B [NITI Aayog]
Explanation:
since 2018.
In the SDG India Index 2023-24, India's composite score was:
Correct Answer: A [71]
Explanation:
up from 66 in 2020-21.
Assertion (A): India's Inequality-adjusted HDI is much lower than its HDI.
Reason (R): Achievements in health, education and income are unevenly distributed across India's population.
Correct Answer: B [Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A]
Explanation:
a 30.7 per cent loss in HDR 2025.
The Millennium Development Goals differ from the Sustainable Development Goals because the MDGs:
Correct Answer: A [were mainly addressed to developing countries]
Explanation:
the SDGs are universal.
The term "Hindu rate of growth" for India's slow growth in the early decades is attributed to:
Correct Answer: B [Raj Krishna]
Explanation:
the term described growth of about 3.5 per cent.
Arrange the following in chronological order:
1. Brundtland Report
2. Adoption of the 2030 Agenda
3. First Human Development Report
4. Millennium Development Goals
Correct Answer: D [1–3–4–2]
Explanation:
1987, 1990, 2000, 2015.
The "capabilities approach" to development, which underlies the HDI, was developed mainly by:
Correct Answer: C [Amartya Sen]
Explanation:
development as freedom.
Increase in absolute and per capita real GNP do not connote a higher level of economic development, if
Correct Answer: C [poverty and unemployment increase.]
Explanation:
growth without wider well-being is not development (Section 3.1).
Human capital formation as a concept is better explained in terms of a process which enables
1. individuals of a country to accumulate more capital.
2. increasing the knowledge, skill levels and capacities of the people of the country.
3. accumulation of tangible wealth.
4. accumulation of intangible wealth.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: C [2 and 4 only]
Explanation:
knowledge and skills are intangible wealth.
In the context of any country, which one of the following would be considered as part of its social capital?
Correct Answer: D [The level of mutual trust and harmony in the society]
Explanation:
social capital is networks, norms and trust.
➤ Full notes, maps, tables, a reason for every option and Mains PYQs – U15 · Indian Economy (UPSC book, ₹249): www.shanmugamiasacademy.in/study-materials/upsc-indian-economy
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