UPSC Disaster Management – Chapter 12: Biological Disasters, Epidemics and Pandemics (20 MCQs)

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UPSC Disaster Management – Chapter 12: Biological Disasters, Epidemics and Pandemics (20 MCQs) – 20 questions, subject: Disaster Management. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  

The Epidemic Diseases Act was enacted in:

Correct Answer: A [1897]

Explanation:

The Epidemic Diseases Act was passed in 1897 during the Bombay plague to let governments take special measures against epidemics.

2.  

The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme was launched in:

Correct Answer: B [2004]

Explanation:

The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme began in 2004 to track epidemic-prone diseases through district surveillance units and laboratories.

3.  

A Public Health Emergency of International Concern is declared by the:

Correct Answer: B [Director-General of WHO]

Explanation:

on Emergency Committee advice.

4.  

The nodal ministry for locust attacks in India is the Ministry of:

Correct Answer: C [Agriculture and Farmers Welfare]

Explanation:

Locust Warning Organisation.

5.  

The 2020 amendment to the Epidemic Diseases Act mainly:

Correct Answer: D [protected health-care workers against violence]

Explanation:

The 2020 amendment made violence against health-care workers cognisable and non-bailable, with imprisonment of up to seven years.

6.  

WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on:

Correct Answer: B [30 January 2020]

Explanation:

The WHO Director-General declared COVID-19 a PHEIC on 30 January 2020, on the advice of the Emergency Committee.

7.  

The highest biosafety level, used for the most dangerous pathogens, is:

Correct Answer: B [BSL-4]

Explanation:

BSL-4 is the highest containment level, used for the most dangerous pathogens such as Ebola and Nipah viruses.

8.  

The first PHEIC under the International Health Regulations (2005) was declared for:

Correct Answer: D [H1N1 influenza]

Explanation:

2009.

9.  

India's National Institute of One Health is being set up at:

Correct Answer: C [Nagpur]

Explanation:

The ICMR's National Institute of One Health, the anchor institution of the National One Health Mission, is at Nagpur.

10.  

Consider the following statements:

1. Most new infectious diseases in humans are zoonotic.
2. The DM Act was used for the national COVID-19 lockdown.
3. Health is in the Union List.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: B [1 and 2 only]

Explanation:

Statements 1 and 2 are correct: most new infectious diseases are zoonotic, and the DM Act backed the national COVID-19 lockdown.

11.  

Assertion (A): The One Health approach is important for preventing pandemics.

Reason (R): Many pandemics start when pathogens pass from animals to people.

Correct Answer: A [Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A]

Explanation:

One Health links human, animal and environmental health; since many pandemics begin as animal-to-human spillovers, R explains A.

12.  

India's first COVID-19 case was reported in:

Correct Answer: D [Kerala]

Explanation:

30 January 2020.

13.  

The field headquarters of the Locust Warning Organisation is at:

Correct Answer: A [Jodhpur]

Explanation:

The Locust Warning Organisation has its central headquarters at Faridabad and its field headquarters at Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

14.  

The Biological Weapons Convention entered into force in:

Correct Answer: D [1975]

Explanation:

The Biological Weapons Convention was opened for signature in 1972 and entered into force in 1975.

15.  

The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) was set up to:

Correct Answer: A [track variants of the virus through genome sequencing]

Explanation:

INSACOG is a network of genome-sequencing laboratories set up to track SARS-CoV-2 variants during COVID-19.

16.  

The PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission was launched in:

Correct Answer: B [2021]

Explanation:

October 2021.

17.  

Arrange the following in chronological order:

1. Launch of IDSP
2. Surat plague
3. Nipah outbreak in Kerala
4. Amendment of the Epidemic Diseases Act

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: C [2-1-3-4]

Explanation:

1994, 2004, 2018, 2020.

18.  

The National Institute of Virology, which has a high-containment laboratory, is located at:

Correct Answer: A [Pune]

Explanation:

The ICMR's National Institute of Virology at Pune houses India's high-containment (BSL-4) virus laboratory.

19.  

Lumpy skin disease, which caused large losses in 2022, affects mainly:

Correct Answer: A [cattle]

Explanation:

Lumpy skin disease is a viral disease of cattle; the 2022 outbreak killed over 1.8 lakh cattle, mainly in north and west India.

20.  

The natural reservoir of the Nipah virus is:

Correct Answer: C [fruit bats]

Explanation:

Pteropus bats.

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