UPSC Governance – Chapter 17: Pressure Groups and Formal and Informal Associations (20 MCQs)

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UPSC Governance – Chapter 17: Pressure Groups and Formal and Informal Associations (20 MCQs) – 20 questions, subject: Governance. Every question has the correct answer with a one-line explanation; tap "Show Answer". Free practice for TNPSC, UPSC, SSC, Bank and RRB exams – Shanmugam IAS Academy, Coimbatore.

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1.  

Which one of the following best distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?

Correct Answer: B [A pressure group does not contest elections to form a government]

Explanation:

A pressure group tries to influence the government of the day but never contests elections to capture power, unlike a political party.

2.  

The first all-India trade union centre, formed in 1920, was the:

Correct Answer: B [AITUC]

Explanation:

The AITUC was founded in 1920, held its first session in Bombay, and Lala Lajpat Rai was its first president.

3.  

Under Article 19(4), the right to form associations may be restricted in the interests of all the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C [friendly relations with foreign States]

Explanation:

a ground under Article 19(2), not 19(4).

4.  

In the Almond and Powell typology, a sudden, spontaneous street protest is an example of a/an:

Correct Answer: D [anomic group]

Explanation:

Anomic groups are spontaneous and short-lived, such as sudden demonstrations or riots, with no permanent organisation.

5.  

FICCI was founded in:

Correct Answer: A [1927]

Explanation:

FICCI was founded in 1927 with the support of G. D. Birla and Purshottamdas Thakurdas.

6.  

The Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh was founded by:

Correct Answer: C [Dattopant Thengadi]

Explanation:

Dattopant Thengadi founded the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh in 1955.

7.  

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that government employees have no fundamental right to strike?

Correct Answer: D [T. K. Rangarajan v. Government of Tamil Nadu]

Explanation:

In T. K. Rangarajan (2003) the Supreme Court held that government employees have no fundamental, statutory or moral right to strike.

8.  

Which provision allows Parliament to restrict Fundamental Rights for members of the armed forces?

Correct Answer: A [Article 33]

Explanation:

Article 33 lets Parliament restrict or abrogate Fundamental Rights of the armed forces, police-type forces and intelligence bodies.

9.  

The campaign that led the demand for the Right to Information Act began with:

Correct Answer: A [the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan in Rajasthan]

Explanation:

MKSS public hearings (jan sunwais) on wages and works records in Rajasthan launched the campaign that led to the RTI Act, 2005.

10.  

Consider the following statements:

1. Article 19(1)(c) gives citizens the right to form associations or unions.
2. In Kameshwar Prasad (1962), the Supreme Court struck down a ban on all demonstrations by government servants.
3. India has a statute requiring lobbyists to register with Parliament.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: B [1 and 2 only]

Explanation:

Statements 1 and 2 are correct; statement 3 is wrong because India has no law registering or regulating lobbyists.

11.  

Assertion (A): Most central trade union organisations in India have links with political parties.

Reason (R): Indian trade unions grew alongside the national movement and party politics.

Correct Answer: A [Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A]

Explanation:

Both are true and R explains A: unions grew with the national movement and parties, so central union bodies carry party links.

12.  

An association of serving civil servants that presses for service conditions is, in the Almond and Powell typology, a/an:

Correct Answer: D [institutional group]

Explanation:

Institutional groups are bodies inside the State, such as civil servants' or officers' associations, pressing their interests from within.

13.  

A not-for-profit company is registered under:

Correct Answer: D [Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013]

Explanation:

Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013 provides for licensed not-for-profit companies.

14.  

The Supreme Court's 2018 judgment against interference by khap panchayats in marriages of consenting adults is:

Correct Answer: C [Shakti Vahini v. Union of India]

Explanation:

In Shakti Vahini (2018) the Court held khaps cannot interfere in marriages of consenting adults and issued preventive directions.

15.  

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 followed the movement called:

Correct Answer: B [India Against Corruption]

Explanation:

The India Against Corruption movement led by Anna Hazare in 2011 preceded the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.

16.  

The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in 1936 with its first president as:

Correct Answer: D [Swami Sahajanand Saraswati]

Explanation:

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the first president of the All India Kisan Sabha, formed at Lucknow in 1936.

17.  

Arrange the following in chronological order of formation:

1. CITU
2. FICCI
3. INTUC
4. AITUC

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: C [4-2-3-1]

Explanation:

1920, 1927, 1947, 1970.

18.  

The Trade Unions Act, 1926 has been subsumed in the:

Correct Answer: D [Industrial Relations Code, 2020]

Explanation:

The Industrial Relations Code, 2020, in force from 21 November 2025, replaced the Trade Unions Act, 1926.

19.  

The Narmada Bachao Andolan is associated with:

Correct Answer: B [Medha Patkar]

Explanation:

Medha Patkar led the Narmada Bachao Andolan against displacement by the Sardar Sarovar and other Narmada dams.

20.  

The Chipko movement began in 1973 in the hill districts of present-day:

Correct Answer: C [Uttarakhand]

Explanation:

then part of Uttar Pradesh.

➤ Full notes, maps, tables, a reason for every option and Mains PYQs – U12 · Governance (UPSC book, ₹249): www.shanmugamiasacademy.in/study-materials/upsc-governance

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