Shanmugam Ias Academy

Context:

Annual G-7 summit took place in Hiroshima from 19 to 21 May 2023. The Hiroshima AI Process was initiated during the summit.

Introduction:

The annual G-7 summit was hosted by Japan in Hiroshima from 19 to 21 May 2023.
During the summit, the Hiroshima AI Process (HAP) was initiated.
HAP is an effort to determine a way forward to regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI).
The ministerial declaration of the G-7 Digital and Tech Ministers’ Meeting (April 2023) discussed “responsible AI” and committed to promoting human-centric and trustworthy AI.
Despite deliberations and accords to regulate AI, each country is promoting human-centric and trustworthy AI.

Hiroshima AI Process:

Despite several other issues, the communiqué accorded more importance to AI. It discussed inclusive AI governance and trustworthy AI, in line with shared democratic values.
It also took stock of the opportunities and challenges of generative AI.
The G-7 communiqué aimed to establish the Hiroshima AI process, through a G7 working group, in an inclusive manner and in cooperation with the OECD and GPAI, for discussions on generative AI by the end of 2023.

Ways in which HAP can move forward are:

It can enable the G-7 countries to move towards a divergent regulation based on shared norms, principles, and guiding values.
It is suggested that it can become overwhelmed by the divergent views among the G-7 countries and fail to deliver any meaningful solution.
It can also end up delivering mixed results with some convergence on certain issues and divergence on others.

Significance of HAP for AI:

It will indicate the values and norms and from where AI will derive its guiding principles.
It will align the development and implementation of values of freedom, democracy, and human rights.
It also emphasizes fairness, accountability, transparency, and safety.
The HAP will not address AI regulation from a state-centric perspective but will be a multiple-stakeholder approach through a fair and transparent mechanism.
Regulating AI is a challenge due to divergence among G-7 member countries.
It is said that HAP will be similar to intellectual property rights (IPR).
The HAP will bring greater clarity to the role and scope of the ‘fair use’ doctrine in the use of AI for various purposes.

Associated Concerns:

The communique’s emphasis on working with others like OECD countries and on developing an interoperable AI governance framework implies that HAP will be impacted by the concerns of other country groups.
Moreover, countries that aren’t part of the G-7 would want to influence the global governance of AI. They can also launch a process of their own.

What is Generative AI

It is a type of artificial intelligence systems which learn patterns and structure of data and adapt to new situations quickly. These algorithms and technologies have the ability to generate new content, including audio, code, images, text, simulations, and videos which may never exists in real life.
For instance – ChatGPT, DALL-E etc.
An image of pink donkey or blue Tajmahal can be generated using such technologies
This type of AI can be used in various industries for instance-
Art and Literature
Finance and Banking
Coding and Development of software
Health and education sectors
Marketing of products
Gaming industry etc.

Fair use in IPR

Fair use refers to permission to use any copyrighted/patented or other protected work of any other person/organization, who owns such works, in a limited manner.
The activities which could be allowed under fair use are criticism, comments, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research and scholarship work.
The use should not be commercial in nature.
It is generally decided on the basis of –
Nature and objects of the copyrighted work,
Purpose and character of use
The quantity and value of the materials used, and
The impact on the sale or profits

Current Affairs